Tech Interview Questions & Tips

HR Interview Questions

2008-07-26T03:31:00.000-07:00

Tell me about yourself: -
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present.

Why did you leave your last job? - Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons.

What experience do you have in this field? - Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can.

Do you consider yourself successful? - You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others.

What do co-workers say about you? - Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview herself.

What do you know about this organization? - This question is one reason to do some research on the organization before the interview. Find out where they have been and where they are going. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year? - Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide variety of activities can be mentioned as positive self-improvement. Have some good ones handy to mention.

Are you applying for other jobs? - Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus on this job and what you can do for this organization. Anything else is a distraction.

Why do you want to work for this organization? - This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the research you have done on the organization. Sincerity is extremely important here and will easily be sensed. Relate it to your long-term career goals.

Do you know anyone who works for us? - Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This can affect your answer even though they asked about friends not relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if they are well thought of.

What kind of salary do you need? - A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do not answer it. Instead, say something like, That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position? In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not, say that it can depend on the details of the job. Then give a wide range.

Are you a team player? - You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready. Specifics that show you often perform for the good of the team rather than for yourself are good evidence of your team attitude. Do not brag, just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.

How long would you expect to work for us if hired? - Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I’d like it to be a long time. Or As long as we both feel I’m doing a good job.

Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that? - This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you like to fire people. At the same time, you will do it when it is the right thing to do. When it comes to the organization versus the individual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the organization. Remember firing is not the same as layoff or reduction in force.

What is your philosophy towards work? - The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here. Do you have strong feelings that the job gets done? Yes. That’s the type of answer that works best here. Short and positive, showing a benefit to the organization.

If you had enough money to retire right now, would you? - Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type of work you prefer. Do not say yes if you do not mean it.

Have you ever been asked to leave a position? - If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying negative things about the people or organization involved.

Explain how you would be an asset to this organization - You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to highlight your best points as they relate to the position being discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.

Why should we hire you? - Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not mention any other candidates to make a comparison.

Tell me about a suggestion you have made - Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted and was then considered successful. One related to the type of work applied for is a real plus.

What irritates you about co-workers? - This is a trap question. Think real hard but fail to come up with anything that irritates you. A short statement that you seem to get along with folks is great.
What is your greatest strength? - Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples: Your ability to prioritize, Your problem-solving skills, Your ability to work under pressure, Your ability to focus on projects, Your professional expertise, Your leadership skills, Your positive attitude .

Tell me about your dream job: - Stay away from a specific job. You cannot win. If you say the job you are contending for is it, you strain credibility. If you say another job is it, you plant the suspicion that you will be dissatisfied with this position if hired. The best is to stay genetic and say something like: A job where I love the work, like the people, can contribute and can’t wait to get to work.

Why do you think you would do well at this job? - Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.

What kind of person would you refuse to work with? - Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization, violence or lawbreaking to get you to object. Minor objections will label you as a whiner.

What is more important to you: the money or the work? - Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is no better answer.

What would your previous supervisor say your strongest point is? - There are numerous good possibilities: Loyalty, Energy, Positive attitude, Leadership, Team player, Expertise, Initiative, Patience, Hard work, Creativity, Problem solver

Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor - Biggest trap of all. This is a test to see if you will speak ill of your boss. If you fall for it and tell about a problem with a former boss, you may well below the interview right there. Stay positive and develop a poor memory about any trouble with a supervisor.

What has disappointed you about a job? - Don’t get trivial or negative. Safe areas are few but can include: Not enough of a challenge. You were laid off in a reduction Company did not win a contract, which would have given you more responsibility.

Tell me about your ability to work under pressure. - You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an example that relates to the type of position applied for.

Do your skills match this job or another job more closely? - Probably this one. Do not give fuel to the suspicion that you may want another job more than this one.

What motivates you to do your best on the job? - This is a personal trait that only you can say, but good examples are: Challenge, Achievement, Recognition

Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends? - This is up to you. Be totally honest.

How would you know you were successful on this job? - Several ways are good measures: You set high standards for yourself and meet them. Your outcomes are a success.Your boss tell you that you are successful

Would you be willing to relocate if required? - You should be clear on this with your family prior to the interview if you think there is a chance it may come up. Do not say yes just to get the job if the real answer is no. This can create a lot of problems later on in your career. Be honest at this point and save yourself future grief.

Are you willing to put the interests of the organization ahead of your own? - This is a straight loyalty and dedication question. Do not worry about the deep ethical and philosophical implications. Just say yes.

Describe your management style. - Try to avoid labels. Some of the more common labels, like progressive, salesman or consensus, can have several meanings or descriptions depending on which management expert you listen to. The situational style is safe, because it says you will manage according to the situation, instead of one size fits all.

What have you learned from mistakes on the job? - Here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility. Make it small, well intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned. An example would be working too far ahead of colleagues on a project and thus throwing coordination off.

Do you have any blind spots? - Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind spots. Do not reveal any personal areas of concern here. Let them do their own discovery on your bad points. Do not hand it to them.

If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for? - Be careful to mention traits that are needed and that you have.

Do you think you are overqualified for this position? - Regardless of your qualifications, state that you are very well qualified for the position.

How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience? - First, if you have experience that the interviewer does not know about, bring that up: Then, point out (if true) that you are a hard working quick learner.

What qualities do you look for in a boss? - Be generic and positive. Safe qualities are knowledgeable, a sense of humor, fair, loyal to subordinates and holder of high standards. All bosses think they have these traits.

Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute between others. - Pick a specific incident. Concentrate on your problem solving technique and not the dispute you settled.
What position do you prefer on a team working on a project? - Be honest. If you are comfortable in different roles, point that out.

Describe your work ethic. - Emphasize benefits to the organization. Things like, determination to get the job done and work hard but enjoy your work are good.

What has been your biggest professional disappointment? - Be sure that you refer to something that was beyond your control. Show acceptance and no negative feelings.

How do you define success…and how do you measure up to your own definition?

Give a well-accepted definition of success that leads right into your own stellar collection of achievements.

Example: “The best definition I’ve come across is that success is the progressive realization of a worthy goal.”

“As to how I would measure up to that definition, I would consider myself both successful and fortunate…”(Then summarize your career goals and how your achievements have indeed represented a progressive path toward realization of your goals.)

Tell me about the most fun you have had on the job. - Talk about having fun by accomplishing something for the organization.

Do you have any questions for me? - Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be an asset to the organization are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and What type of projects will I be able to assist on? are examples.

SQL Server 2005 -Interview Questions for Biginners

2008-07-26T00:47:00.000-07:00

• If I want to see what fields a table is made of, and what the sizes of the
fields are, what option  do I have to look for?
• What is a query?
• A SQL query is typed in the _________ .
• What is the purpose of the model database?
• What is the purpose of the master database?
• What is the purpose of the tempdb database?
• What is the purpose of the USE command?
• If you delete a table in the database, will the data in the table be deleted too?
• What is the Parse Query button used for? How does this help you?
• Tables are created in a ____________________ in SQL Server 2005.
• What is usually the first word in a SQL query?
• Does a SQL Server 2005 SELECT statement require a FROM?
• Can a SELECT statement in SQL Server 2005 be used to make an assignment?
Explain with examples.
• What is the ORDER BY used for?
• Does ORDER BY actually change the order of the data in the tables or does it just
change the output?
• What is the default order of an ORDER BY clause?
• What kind of comparison operators can be used in a WHERE clause?
• What are four major operators that can be used to combine conditions on a WHERE
clause? Explain the operators with examples.
• What are the logical operators?
• In a WHERE clause, do you need to enclose a text column in quotes? Do you need to
enclose a numeric column in quotes?
• Is a null value equal to anything? Can a space in a column be considered a null
value? Why or why not?
• Will COUNT(column) include columns with null values in its count?
• What are column aliases? Why would you want to use column aliases? How can you
embed blanks in column aliases?
• What are table aliases?
• What are table qualifiers? When should table qualifiers be used?
• Are semicolons required at the end of SQL statements in SQL Server 2005?
• Do comments need to go in a special place in SQL Server 2005?
• When would you use the ROWCOUNT function versus using the WHERE clause?
• Is SQL case-sensitive? Is SQL Server 2005 case-sensitive?
• What is a synonym? Why would you want to create a synonym?
• Can a synonym name of a table be used instead of a table name in a SELECT
statement?
• Can a synonym of a table be used when you are trying to alter the definition
of a table?
• Can you type more than one query in the query editor screen at the same time?
• The INSERT INTO .. VALUES option will insert rows into the _________ of a table.
• While you are inserting values into a table with the INSERT INTO .. VALUES
option, does the order of the columns in the INSERT statement have to be the
same as the order of the columns in the table?
• While you are inserting values into a table with the INSERT INTO .. SELECT
option, does the order of the columns in the INSERT statement have to be
the same as the order of the columns in the table?
• When would you use an INSERT INTO .. SELECT option versus an INSERT INTO .. VALUES   option? Give an example of each.
• What does the UPDATE command do?
• Can you change the data type of a column in a table after the table has been
created? If so,which command would you use?
• Will SQL Server 2005 allow you to reduce the size of a column?
• What integer data types are available in SQL Server 2005?
• What is the default value of an integer data type in SQL Server 2005?
• What decimal data types are available in SQL Server 2005?
• What is the difference between a CHAR and a VARCHAR datatype?
• Does Server SQL treat CHAR as a variable-length or fixed-length column?
Do other SQL implementations treat it in the same way?
• If you are going to have too many nulls in a column, what would be the best
data type to use?
• When columns are added to existing tables, what do they initially contain?
• What command would you use to add a column to a table in SQL Server?
• In SQL Server, which data type is used to store large object data types?
• If I do not need to store decimal places, what would be a good numeric data
type to use?
• I I need to store decimal places, but am not worried about rounding errors,
what would be a    good  data type to use?
• Should a column be defined as a FLOAT if it is going to be used as a primary key?
• What is a join? Why do you need a join?
• What is an INNER JOIN?
• Which clause[s] can be used in place of the JOIN in Server SQL?
• What is the Cartesian product?
• What would be the Cartesian product of a table with 15 rows and another table
with 23 rows?
• List some uses of the Cartesian product.
• What is an equi-join?
• What is a non-equi-join? Give an example of an non-equi-join.
• What is a self join? Give an example of a self join.
• What is a LEFT OUTER JOIN?
• What is a RIGHT OUTER JOIN?
• What is a CROSS JOIN?
• What is a FULL OUTER JOIN?

• Does Server SQL allow the use of *= to perform outer joins?
• What is the maximum number of rows that a self join can produce?
• For what kinds of joins will the associative property hold?
• What would be the Cartesian product of the two sets {a,b,c} and {c,d,e}?
• What are functions?
• What are aggregate functions? Give examples of aggregate functions.
What is another term for   an aggregate function?
• What are row-level functions? Give examples of row-level functions.
• Is COUNT an aggregate function or a row-level function? Explain why.
Give at least one   example of when the COUNT function may come in handy.
Does the COUNT function take nulls into account?
• Is AVG an aggregate function or a row-level function?
• What is the NULLIF function? Explain.
• How are ties handled in SQL Server?
• How does the DISTINCT function work?
• Are string functions (for example, SUBSTRING, RIGHT, LTRIM) aggregate
functions or row- level functions?
• What is the SUBSTRING function used for?
• What is the CHARINDEX function used for?
• What function would you use to find the leftmost characters in a string?
• What are the LTRIM/RTRIM functions used for?
• What function would produce the output in all lowercase?
• What function would you use to find the length of a string?
• What characters or symbols are most commonly used as wildcard characters in
SQL Server 2005?
• What is the concatenation operator in Server SQL 2005?
• What does the YEAR function do?
• What does the MONTH function do?
• What does the GEtdATE function do?
• What will the following query produce in SQL Server 2005?
o SELECT ('.....'+ names) AS [names]
o FROM Employee

• Does Server SQL allow an expression like COUNT(DISTINCT column_name)?
• How is the ISNULL function different from the NULLIF function?
• What function would you use to round a value to three decimal places?
• Which functions can the WITH TIES option be used with?
• What clause does the WITH TIES option require?
• What is the default date format in SQL Server 2005?
• How do dates have to be entered in Server SQL 2005?
• What function is used to convert between data types?
• What function is useful for formatting numbers?
• What function is useful for formatting dates?
• Which has precedence, AND or OR?
• Why do we need derived structures?
• What is a view?
• List some advantages of using views.
• List some advantages of using temporary tables.
• Can temporary tables replace views in all cases?
• What is the difference between a view and temporary table?
• What is the difference between a local temporary table and global temporary table?
• If data is changed in a view, is it changed in the original table?
• If data is changed in a temporary table, does it automatically change data in
the original table?
• What happens to local temporary tables after the session has been ended?
• What happens to global temporary table after the session has been ended?
• Which type of temporary table has a system-generated suffix attached to it?
What does this    suffix mean?
• Why are inline views helpful?
• In SQL Server, is the ORDER BY clause allowed during the creation of a view?
• Is SELECT INTO allowed in a view? Why or why not?
• Where is the data stored in a view?
• How do you delete views?
• How do you delete a temporary table?
• Do you need to delete a local temporary table? Why or why not?
• Which operators have the highest/lowest precedence?
• In SQL Server, if a column of FLOAT data type were divided by a column of REAL
data type,what data type would the resulting column have? (Hint: refer to the
section on Data Type    Preference.)
• Is an ORDER BY clause necessary when you use a DISTINCT? Why or why not?
• What are the major differences between the UNION operation and the JOIN operation?
• What is the major difference between the UNION and the UNION ALL?
• What major set operator does SQL Server 2005 not have? How can these problems
be resolved?
• What does union compatibility mean?
• What data types are union-compatible?
• What is the maximum number of rows that can result from a UNION of two tablesone
with 5 rows and the other with 6 rows?
• How can a UNION be used to implement an outer join? Explain.
• Does SQL Server 2005 support the MINUS operation? How can this be resolved? Give    examples.
• What is a full outer join? Does SQL Server 2005 directly support a full outer join?
• Do you need the same number of columns to perform a union?
• Do you need the same data types to perform a union?
• Do you need the same number of columns to perform a join?
• From the examples given in the chapter, what does the UNION JOIN appear to do?
• If a VARCHAR column were unioned with a CHAR column, what would the resulting
column be?
• What does set compatibility mean?
• What is the maximum number of rows that can result from a INTERSECT of two
tablesone with 5 rows and the other with 6 rows?
• Do you need the same number of columns to perform an INTERSECT operation?
• Do you need the same data types to perform an INTERSECT operation?
• What is a subquery?
• Which part of the query/subquery is considered the inner query, and which part
is considered the outer query?
• Can a subquery always be done as a join? Why or why not?
• When writing a query that will have a subquery, how do you determine which
table/tables will go in the outer query?
• Which predicate can usually be reformulated into a join?
• When using operators, are many values acceptable from a result of a subquery?
• What can you do to insure a working subquery?
• What do aggregate functions do?
• How does the GROUP BY clause work?
• What is the difference between a GROUP BY and ORDER BY?
• What is the HAVING clause used for?
• Can the WHERE clause always be considered a substitute for the HAVING clause? Why or why    not?
• Do functions of functions have to be handled in a special way in Server SQL 2005?
• Will nulls in grouped columns be included in a result set?
• How do aggregate functions treat nulls?
• Does the sequence of the columns in a GROUP BY clause have an effect on the end result?
• When would it not make sense to use the GROUP BY and DISTINCT functions together?
• Is GROUP BY affected by nulls?
• Which comes first in a SELECT statement, an ORDER BY or GROUP BY? Why?
• The GROUP BY and ________________ clauses are used together.
• What is a noncorrelated subquery?
• Which type of subquery can be executed on its own?
• Which part of a query is evaluated first, the query or the subquery?
• What are correlated subqueries?
• What does the EXISTS predicate do?
• What are considered universal qualifiers?
• Is correlation necessary when we use EXISTS? Why?
• Explain how the "for all" type SQL query involves a double-nested correlated subquery using    the NOT EXISTS predicate.
• What is an index?
• Does an index slow down updates on indexed columns?
• What is a constraint?
• How many indexes does SQL Server 2005 allow you to have on a table?
• What command would you use to create an index?
• Is there a difference between an index and a constraint?
• What is the default ordering that will be created by an index (ascending or descending)?
• When can the UNIQUE option be used?
• What does the IGNORE NULL option do?
• How do you delete an index?
• What does the NOT NULL constraint do?
• What command must you use to include the NOT NULL constraint after a table has already    been created?
• When a PRIMARY KEY constraint is included in a table, what other constraints does this    imply?
• What is a concatenated primary key?
• How are the UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints different?
• What is a referential integrity constraint? What two keys does the referential integrity     constraint usually include?
• What is a foreign key?
• What does the ON DELETE CASCADE option do?
• What does the ON UPDATE NO ACTION do?
• Can you use the ON DELETE and ON UPDATE in the same constraint?

Oracle Interview Questions and Answers : SQL

2008-06-07T00:22:00.000-07:00

1. To see current user name
    Sql> show user;

2. Change SQL prompt name
     SQL> set sqlprompt “Manimara > “
     Manimara >
     Manimara >

3. Switch to DOS prompt
     SQL> host

4. How do I eliminate the duplicate rows ?
     SQL> delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid)
     from  table group by duplicate_values_field_name);
     or
     SQL> delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where
                rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);

----->Get answers to all your Questions at--->WebDeveloper's Corner<-----

13. Display the number value in Words
         SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp')) from emp;

14. Display Odd/ Even number of records
      Odd number of records:
      select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
      1
      3
      5
     Even number of records:
    select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
      2
      4
      6

15. Which date function returns number value?
     months_between

16. Any three PL/SQL Exceptions?
     Too_many_rows, No_Data_Found, Value_Error, Zero_Error, Others

17. What are PL/SQL Cursor Exceptions?
     Cursor_Already_Open, Invalid_Cursor

18. Other way to replace query result null value with a text
       SQL> Set NULL ‘N/A’     to reset SQL> Set NULL ‘’

19. What are the more common pseudo-columns?
      SYSDATE, USER , UID, CURVAL, NEXTVAL, ROWID, ROWNUM

20. What is the output of SIGN function?
      1 for positive value, 0 for Zero, -1 for Negative value.

21. What is the maximum number of triggers, can apply to a single table?
       12 triggers.

21. How would you determine the time zone under which a database was operating?
       select DBTIMEZONE from dual;

22. Explain the use of setting GLOBAL_NAMES equal to TRUE.
       Setting GLOBAL_NAMES dictates how you might connect to a database. This
       variable is either TRUE or FALSE and if it is set to TRUE it enforces database
       links to have the same name as the remote database to which they are linking.

23. What command would you use to encrypt a PL/SQL application?
       WRAP

24. Explain the difference between a FUNCTION, PROCEDURE and PACKAGE.
       A function and procedure are the same in that they are intended to be a
      collection of PL/SQL code that carries a single task. While a procedure does
      not have to return any values to the calling application, a function will return
      a single value. A package on the other hand is a collection of functions and
      procedures that are grouped together based on their commonality to a
      business function or application.

25. Explain the use of table functions.
      Table functions are designed to return a set of rows through PL/SQL logic
      but are intended to be used as a normal table or view in a SQL statement.
      They are also used to pipeline information in an ETL process.

26. Name three advisory statistics you can collect.
       Buffer Cache Advice, Segment Level Statistics, & Timed Statistics

27. Where in the Oracle directory tree structure are audit traces placed?
       In unix $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit, in Windows the event viewer

28. Explain materialized views and how they are used.
       Materialized views are objects that are reduced sets of information that
       have been summarized, grouped, or aggregated from base tables. They
       are typically used in data warehouse or decision support systems.

29. When a user process fails, what background process cleans up after it?
       PMON

30. What background process refreshes materialized views?
       The Job Queue Processes.

31. How would you determine what sessions are connected and what resources they
      are waiting for?
      Use of V$SESSION and V$SESSION_WAIT

32. Describe what redo logs are.
       Redo logs are logical and physical structures that are designed to hold all
       the changes made to a database and are intended to aid in the recovery
       of a database.

33. How would you force a log switch?
       ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

34. Give two methods you could use to determine what DDL changes have been made.
      You could use Logminer or Streams

35. What does coalescing a tablespace do?
      Coalescing is only valid for dictionary-managed tablespaces and
      de-fragments space  by combining neighboring free extents into large
      single extents.

36. What is the difference between a TEMPORARY tablespace and a PERMANENT
      tablespace?
      A temporary tablespace is used for temporary objects such as sort
     structures while permanent tablespaces are used to store those
     objects meant to be used as the true  objects of the database.

37. Name a tablespace automatically created when you create a database.
       The SYSTEM tablespace.

38. When creating a user, what permissions must you grant to allow them
       to connect to the database?
      Grant the CONNECT to the user.

39. How do you add a data file to a tablespace?
        ALTER TABLESPACE ADD
           DATAFILE SIZE

40. How do you resize a data file?
       ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE RESIZE ;

41. What view would you use to look at the size of a data file?
       DBA_DATA_FILES

42. What view would you use to determine free space in a tablespace?
       DBA_FREE_SPACE

43. How would you determine who has added a row to a table?
       Turn on fine grain auditing for the table.

44. How can you rebuild an index?
       ALTER INDEX REBUILD;

45. Explain what partitioning is and what its benefit is.
      Partitioning is a method of taking large tables and indexes and splitting them into
      smaller, more manageable pieces.

46. You have just compiled a PL/SQL package but got errors, how would you view
       the errors?
       SHOW ERRORS

47. How can you gather statistics on a table?
       The ANALYZE command.

48. How can you enable a trace for a session?
       Use the DBMS_SESSION.SET_SQL_TRACE or
       Use ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE = TRUE;

49. What is the difference between the SQL*Loader and IMPORT utilities?
       These two Oracle utilities are used for loading data into the database.
       The difference  is that the import utility relies on the data being
       produced by another Oracle utility EXPORT while the SQL*Loader
       utility allows data to be loaded that has been produced  by other
       utilities from different data sources just so long as it conforms to ASCII
       formatted or delimited files.

50. Name two files used for network connection to a database.
      TNSNAMES.ORA and SQLNET.ORA

ASP.Net Interview Questions

2008-06-06T02:27:00.000-07:00

1. Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension),the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.

2. What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()? The latter one allows you to write formattedoutput.

3. What methods are fired during the page load? Init() - when the pageis instantiated, Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory,PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user asHTML, Unload() - when page finishes loading.

4. Where does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?System.Web.UI.Page

5. Where do you store the information about the user’s locale? System.Web.UI.Page.Culture

6. What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.aspx.cs"? CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.

7. What’s a bubbled event? When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.

8. Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver overa certain button. Where do you add an event handler? It’s the Attributesproperty, the Add function inside that property. So btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onMouseOver","someClientCode();")

9. What data type does the RangeValidator control support? Integer,String and Date.

10. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code? Server-side code runs on the server. Client-side code runs in the clients’ browser.

11. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class? Server-side code.

12. Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why? Client-side. This reduces an additional request to the server to validate the users input.

13. What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off? It enables the viewstate on the page. It allows the page to save the users input on a form.

14. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other? Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.

15. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
· A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.

16. Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines? This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.

17. If I’m developing an application that must accommodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing) what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users? Maintain the login state security through a database.

18. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it? When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.

19. Whats an assembly? Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN

20. Describe the difference between inline and code behind? Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.

21. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one? The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. For reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.

22. Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all? MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.

23. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data? The .Fill() method

24. Can you edit data in the Repeater control? No, it just reads the information from its data source

25. Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control? ItemTemplate

26. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control? Use the AlternatingItemTemplate

27. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control? You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.

28. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from? The Page class.

29. Name two properties common in every validation control? ControlToValidate property and Text property.

30. What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? Set AutoGenerateColumns Property to false on the datagrid tag

31. What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid?
?>?>?>
32. What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service? SOAP is the preferred protocol.
33. True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET? False

34. What does WSDL stand for? (Web Services Description Language)

35. Where on the Internet would you look for Web services? (http://www.uddi.org/)

36. Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box? DataTextField property

37. Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched? CompareValidator Control

38. True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web application to consume this service? False, the webservice comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain? It can contain many classes.

What is Assembly name and name space?

An assembly is a logical unit of code. Physically it may exist as dll or an exe. which can contain one or more files and they can be any file types like image files, text files etc. along with DLLs or EXEs.When you compile your source code by default the exe/dll which is generated is actually an assemblyand every assembly file contains information about itself which is called as Assembly Manifest.Namespace is an abstract container providing context for the items it holds and allows disambiguation of items having the same name (residing in different namespaces. It can also be said as a context for identifiers. So under a namespace you can have multiple assemblies.

what is capacity of dataset?
DataSet is logical represantation of database so it can store as much as database.

What is deployment? How do you deploy .Net and Java applications

Deployment - It is the procedure to deploy Web Application on the Server. You can deploy .Net application by simply Xcopy and create virtual directory for the application on server.

Where this DataSet is Stored?

Dataset is an in-memory representation of a database. Its stored no where but in memory. Goes off when GC stats after a littl sleep.

How different are interface and abstract class in .Net?

When a class is not provided with full functionalitythen it is declared as abstract.it doesn't support instance creation as well as it cannot be overridable to child class.interface is a colection of methods only without functionality.interface is 90% same as abstract class.

How does vs.net 2005 support biztalkserver?

if you install biztalk server it provides Biztalk Project in the project types like webproject, windows project, console project. We use rest of the products of the Biztalk like adapters and all those thing and use them in .net.

what is marshling?

Marshaling performs the necessary conversions in data formats between managed and unmanaged code.CLR allows managed code to interoperate with unmanaged code usining COM Marshaler(Component of CLR).

Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?

A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.

A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.

Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.

There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.

DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.

You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.

Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.

In .NET Compact Framework, can I free memory explicitly without waiting for garbage collector to free the memory?
.NET Compact Framework come with CLR which perform automatic garbage collector to free the memory without using destector(perform garbage collector when is declear)

C# Interview questions

2008-05-05T23:01:00.000-07:00

General Questions:

Does C# support multiple-inheritance? No.
Who is a protected class-level variable available to? It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).
Are private class-level variables inherited? Yes, but they are not accessible. Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.
Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”. It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from? System.Object.
What does the term immutable mean?The data value may not be changed. Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.
What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.
Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?No.
What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array. A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
What’s the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?HashTable.
What class is underneath the SortedList class?A sorted HashTable.
Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?Yes.
What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?No. Once the proper catch block processed, control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any).
Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application.Presentation (UI), Business (logic and underlying code) and Data (from storage or other sources).
Class Questions
What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#? Place a colon and then the name of the base class.Example: class MyNewClass : MyBaseClass
Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class? Yes. The keyword “sealed” will prevent the class from being inherited.
Can you allow a class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?Yes. Just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
What’s an abstract class?A class that cannot be instantiated. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and have the methods overridden. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?1. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been overridden. 2. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.
What is an interface class?Interfaces, like classes, define a set of properties, methods, and events. But unlike classes, interfaces do not provide implementation. They are implemented by classes, and defined as separate entities from classes.
Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?They all must be public, and are therefore public by default.
Can you inherit multiple interfaces?Yes. .NET does support multiple interfaces.
What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method names?It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay. To Do: Investigate
What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?In an interface class, all methods are abstract - there is no implementation. In an abstract class some methods can be concrete. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are allowed. An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers. What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?Structs are value-type variables and are thus saved on the stack, additional overhead but faster retrieval. Another difference is that structs cannot inherit.

Method and Property Questions :

What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the set method/property of a class? Value. The data type of the value parameter is defined by whatever data type the property is declared as.
What does the keyword “virtual” declare for a method or property? The method or property can be overridden.
How is method overriding different from method overloading? When overriding a method, you change the behavior of the method for the derived class. Overloading a method simply involves having another method with the same name within the class.
Can you declare an override method to be static if the original method is not static? No. The signature of the virtual method must remain the same. (Note: Only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override)
What are the different ways a method can be overloaded? Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
If a base class has a number of overloaded constructors, and an inheriting class has a number of overloaded constructors; can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to a specific base constructor?Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.

Events and Delegates:

What’s a delegate? A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method.
What’s a multicast delegate? A delegate that has multiple handlers assigned to it. Each assigned handler (method) is called.

SQL Server Interview Questions

2008-05-04T21:43:00.000-07:00

What is normalization? - Well a relational database is basically composed of tables that contain related data. So the Process of organizing this data into tables is actually referred to as normalization.
What is a Stored Procedure? - Its nothing but a set of T-SQL statements combined to perform a single task of several tasks. Its basically like a Macro so when you invoke the Stored procedure, you actually run a set of statements.
Can you give an example of Stored Procedure? - sp_helpdb , sp_who2, sp_renamedb are a set of system defined stored procedures. We can also have user defined stored procedures which can be called in similar way.
What is a trigger? - Triggers are basically used to implement business rules. Triggers is also similar to stored procedures. The difference is that it can be activated when data is added or edited or deleted from a table in a database.
What is a view? - If we have several tables in a db and we want to view only specific columns from specific tables we can go for views. It would also suffice the needs of security some times allowing specfic users to see only specific columns based on the permission that we can configure on the view. Views also reduce the effort that is required for writing queries to access specific columns every time.
What is an Index? - When queries are run against a db, an index on that db basically helps in the way the data is sorted to process the query for faster and data retrievals are much faster when we have an index.
What are the types of indexes available with SQL Server? - There are basically two types of indexes that we use with the SQL Server. Clustered and the Non-Clustered.
What is the basic difference between clustered and a non-clustered index? - The difference is that, Clustered index is unique for any given table and we can have only one clustered index on a table. The leaf level of a clustered index is the actual data and the data is resorted in case of clustered index. Whereas in case of non-clustered index the leaf level is actually a pointer to the data in rows so we can have as many non-clustered indexes as we can on the db.
What are cursors? - Well cursors help us to do an operation on a set of data that we retreive by commands such as Select columns from table. For example : If we have duplicate records in a table we can remove it by declaring a cursor which would check the records during retreival one by one and remove rows which have duplicate values.
When do we use the UPDATE_STATISTICS command? - This command is basically used when we do a large processing of data. If we do a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables, we need to basically update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.
Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? - SQL Server runs on port 1433 but we can also change it for better security.
From where can you change the default port? - From the Network Utility TCP/IP properties –> Port number.both on client and the server.
Can you tell me the difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands? - Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.
Can we use Truncate command on a table which is referenced by FOREIGN KEY? - No. We cannot use Truncate command on a table with Foreign Key because of referential integrity.
What is the use of DBCC commands? - DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.
Can you give me some DBCC command options?(Database consistency check) - DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.and DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated. DBCC SQLPERF - It gives report on current usage of transaction log in percentage. DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.
What command do we use to rename a db? - sp_renamedb ‘oldname’ , ‘newname’
Well sometimes sp_reanmedb may not work you know because if some one is using the db it will not accept this command so what do you think you can do in such cases? - In such cases we can first bring to db to single user using sp_dboptions and then we can rename that db and then we can rerun the sp_dboptions command to remove the single user mode.
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? - Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.
What do you mean by COLLATION? - Collation is basically the sort order. There are three types of sort order Dictionary case sensitive, Dictonary - case insensitive and Binary.
What is a Join in SQL Server? - Join actually puts data from two or more tables into a single result set.
Can you explain the types of Joins that we can have with Sql Server? - There are three types of joins: Inner Join, Outer Join, Cross Join
When do you use SQL Profiler? - SQL Profiler utility allows us to basically track connections to the SQL Server and also determine activities such as which SQL Scripts are running, failed jobs etc..
What is a Linked Server? - Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements.
Can you link only other SQL Servers or any database servers such as Oracle? - We can link any server provided we have the OLE-DB provider from Microsoft to allow a link. For Oracle we have a OLE-DB provider for oracle that microsoft provides to add it as a linked server to the sql server group.
Which stored procedure will you be running to add a linked server? - sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin
What are the OS services that the SQL Server installation adds? - MS SQL SERVER SERVICE, SQL AGENT SERVICE, DTC (Distribution transac co-ordinator)
Can you explain the role of each service? - SQL SERVER - is for running the databases SQL AGENT - is for automation such as Jobs, DB Maintanance, Backups DTC - Is for linking and connecting to other SQL Servers
How do you troubleshoot SQL Server if its running very slow? - First check the processor and memory usage to see that processor is not above 80% utilization and memory not above 40-45% utilization then check the disk utilization using Performance Monitor, Secondly, use SQL Profiler to check for the users and current SQL activities and jobs running which might be a problem. Third would be to run UPDATE_STATISTICS command to update the indexes
Lets say due to N/W or Security issues client is not able to connect to server or vice versa. How do you troubleshoot? - First I will look to ensure that port settings are proper on server and client Network utility for connections. ODBC is properly configured at client end for connection ——Makepipe & readpipe are utilities to check for connection. Makepipe is run on Server and readpipe on client to check for any connection issues.
What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? - Windows mode and mixed mode (SQL & Windows).
Where do you think the users names and passwords will be stored in sql server? - They get stored in master db in the sysxlogins table.
What is log shipping? Can we do logshipping with SQL Server 7.0 - Logshipping is a new feature of SQL Server 2000. We should have two SQL Server - Enterprise Editions. From Enterprise Manager we can configure the logshipping. In logshipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically updated into the backup database on the other server. If one server fails, the other server will have the same db and we can use this as the DR (disaster recovery) plan.
Let us say the SQL Server crashed and you are rebuilding the databases including the master database what procedure to you follow? - For restoring the master db we have to stop the SQL Server first and then from command line we can type SQLSERVER –m which will basically bring it into the maintenance mode after which we can restore the master db.
Let us say master db itself has no backup. Now you have to rebuild the db so what kind of action do you take?
What is BCP? When do we use it? - BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables and views. But it won’t copy the structures of the same.
What should we do to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL Server to another? - We have to write some DTS packages for it.
What are the different types of joins and what dies each do? What are the four main query statements?

Covering Letter

2008-03-18T21:48:00.000-07:00

A cover letter is used to introduce yourself and your resume.When you
send a resume through email,the email content is your cover letter and
the resume is attached.
Below is an example of a cover letter.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear Mr. Johnson,

I am responding to a job posting from Monster.com regarding the Software
Engineer position. I was very excited to see this job posting because the
description closely matches my skillset. Please find enclosed my resume
showing my education, experience, and background.

I have over 5 years experience working as a software engineer for Amazon.com.
I also have 2 years of experience owning and leading projects. Most recently,
I organized the development of a new web service that increased efficiency
by 40%.

I have excelled as a software engineer because I enjoy learning many new
technologies. This field is always changing and it gives me the opportunity
to broaden my knowledge. Finally, my friendly personality and willingness
to share ideas will ensure that I will not only blend smoothly into your
dynamic environment, but to make it better as well.

If you would like to schedule an interview, please contact me anytime.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

Kavya

.Net Interview Questions

2008-03-08T03:27:00.000-08:00

     ASP.Net Questions

Q. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
A. Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in
     the context of the clients' browser.

Q. What are some ways to manage state in an ASP.Net application?
A. Session objects, Application objects, ViewState, cookies, hidden form fields.

Q. What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?
A. It allows page objects to save their state in a Base64 encoded string in the page
     HTML. One should only have it enabled when needed because it adds to the
     page size and can get fairly large for complex pages with many controls.
    (It takes longer to download the page).

Q. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why
      would I choose one over the other?
A. Server.Transfer transfers excution directly to another page. Response.Redirect
     sends a response to the client and directs the client (the browser) to load the
    new page (it causes a roundtrip). If you don't need to execute code on the client,
     Transfer is more efficient.

Q. How can I maintain Session state in a Web Farm or Web Garden?
A. Use a State Server or SQL Server to store the session state.

Q. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
A. The Page class.

Q. What does WSDL stand for? What does it do?
A.(Web Services Description Language). It describes the interfaces and
     other information of a web service.

Q. Which WebForm Validator control would you use if you needed to make
      sure the values in two different WebForm controls matched?
A. CompareValidator Control

Q. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code,
      in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
A. You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.

     C# Questions

Q. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
A. Inheritance allows us to extend the functionality of a base class. It is an "Is a"
     type of relationship rather than a "Uses" type of relationship (a dalmation IS A
     dog which IS A canine which IS A mammal - dalmations inherist from dog which
     inherits from canine which inherits from mammal). All child classes retain the
     properties and methods of their parent classes but may override them. When you
     want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee.
     A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.

Q. Does C# support multiple-inheritance?
A. No, use interfaces instead.

Q. Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?
A. Yes. The keyword “sealed” will prevent the class from being inherited.

Q. What does the keyword “virtual” declare for a method or property?
A. The method or property can be overridden.

Q. What's the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
A. System.Object.

Q. What does it mean that a String is immutable?
A. Strings cannot be altered. When you alter a string (by adding to it for example),
     you are actually creating a new string.

Q. If I have to alter a string many times, such as mutliple concatenations,
      what class should I use?
A. StringBuilder. It is not immutable and is very efficient.

Q. In a Try - Catch - Finally block, will the finally block execute if an exception
      has not occurred? If an Exception has occurred?
A. Yes and yes.

Q. Whats MSIL, and why should developers need an appreciation of it, if at all?
A. MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible
      languages will get converted to MSIL.

Q. Explain the three tier or n-Tier model.
A. Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data
     (from storage or other sources).

Q. What is SOA?
A. Service Oriented Architecture. In SOA you create an abstract layer that
     your applications use to access various "services" and can aggregate the
     services. These services could be databases, web services, message queues
     or other sources. The Service Layer provides a way to access these services
     that the applications do not need to know how the access is done. For example,
     to get a full customer record, I might need to get data from a SGL Server
     database, a web service and a message queue. The Service layer hides this from
     the calling application. All the application knows is that it asked for a full
     customer record. It doesn't know what system or systems it came from or
      how it was retrieved.

Q. What is the role of the Data Reader class in ADO.NET connections?
A. It returns a forward-only, read-only view of data from the data source when
     the command is executed.

Q. Is XML case-sensitive?
A. Yes.

Q. What is the CLR?
A. Common Language Runtime

Q. Can you explain some differences between an ADO.NET Dataset and
      an ADO Recordset? (Or describe some features of a Dataset).
A. A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory,
    complete with tables, relations, and views. A DataSet is designed to
    work without any continuing connection to the original data source. Data in
    a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand. There's no
    concept of cursor types in a DataSet. DataSets have no current record pointer
    You can use For Each loops to move through the data. You can store many
    edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
    Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different
    versions for different data sources

Q. Name some of the Microsoft Application Blocks. Have you used any?
     Which ones?
A. Examples:
     Exception Management
     Logging
     Data Access
     User Interface
     Caching Application Block for .NET
     Asynchronous Invocation Application Block for .NET
     Configuration Management Application Block for .NET
     (there are others) We use Exception and Data Access

AJAX Interview Questions

2008-02-15T00:44:00.000-08:00

What is AJAX?

Is the server or the client in control in AJAX?

What is the XMLHttpRequest object?

How do I get the XMLHttpRequest object?

How do I abort the current XMLHttpRequest?

What is the role of Ajax in enhancing user experience?

How can I call a Java method from Javascript?

Which browsers support AJAX?

Is there any way that an AJAX object can get back a record set?

What are the different frameworks available In AJAX?

Who invented AJAX?

Does Java have support for Comet style server-side push?

Are there any security issues with AJAX?

Should I use an HTTP GET or POST for my AJAX calls?

Does AJAX work with Java?

SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers

2008-02-05T21:48:00.000-08:00

What is RDBMS?
Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management systems that maintain data records and indices in tables. Relationships may be created and maintained across and among the data and tables. In a relational database, relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a high degree of data independence. An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from different files, providing powerful tools for data usage.

What is normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization process applied to data structures based on rules that help build relational databases. In relational database design, the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy. Normalization usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships between the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database via the defined relationships.

What is Stored Procedure?
A stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously created and stored in the server database. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a single procedure can be used over the network by several clients using different input data. And when the procedure is modified, all clients automatically get the new version. Stored procedures reduce network traffic and improve performance. Stored procedures can be used to help ensure the integrity of the database.
e.g. sp_helpdb, sp_renamedb, sp_depends etc.

What is Trigger?
A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are stored in and managed by the DBMS.Triggers are used to maintain the referential integrity of data by changing the data in a systematic fashion. A trigger cannot be called or executed; the DBMS automatically fires the trigger as a result of a data modification to the associated table. Triggers can be viewed as similar to stored procedures in that both consist of procedural logic that is stored at the database level. Stored procedures, however, are not event-drive and are not attached to a specific table as triggers are. Stored procedures are explicitly executed by invoking a CALL to the procedure while triggers are implicitly executed. In addition, triggers can also execute stored procedures.
Nested Trigger: A trigger can also contain INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE logic within itself, so when the trigger is fired because of data modification it can also cause another data modification, thereby firing another trigger. A trigger that contains data modification logic within itself is called a nested trigger.

What is View?
A simple view can be thought of as a subset of a table. It can be used for retrieving data, as well as updating or deleting rows. Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the original table changes, so does data in the view, as views are the way to look at part of the original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database. The data accessed through a view is actually constructed using standard T-SQL select command and can come from one to many different base tables or even other views.

What is Index?
An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data. Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up queries. Effective indexes are one of the best ways to improve performance in a database application. A table scan happens when there is no index available to help a query. In a table scan SQL Server examines every row in the table to satisfy the query results. Table scans are sometimes unavoidable, but on large tables, scans have a terrific impact on performance.

Clustered indexes define the physical sorting of a database table’s rows in the storage media. For this reason, each database table may have only one clustered index.
Non-clustered indexes are created outside of the database table and contain a sorted list of references to the table itself.

What is the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index?
A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered index contain the data pages.

A nonclustered index is a special type of index in which the logical order of the index does not match the physical stored order of the rows on disk. The leaf node of a nonclustered index does not consist of the data pages. Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows.

What are the different index configurations a table can have?
A table can have one of the following index configurations:

No indexes
A clustered index
A clustered index and many nonclustered indexes
A nonclustered index
Many nonclustered indexes

What is cursors?
Cursor is a database object used by applications to manipulate data in a set on a row-by-row basis, instead of the typical SQL commands that operate on all the rows in the set at one time.

In order to work with a cursor we need to perform some steps in the following order:

Declare cursor
Open cursor
Fetch row from the cursor
Process fetched row
Close cursor
Deallocate cursor

What is the use of DBCC commands?
DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.
E.g. DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.
DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated.
DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.

What is a Linked Server?
Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements. With a linked server, you can create very clean, easy to follow, SQL statements that allow remote data to be retrieved, joined and combined with local data.
Storped Procedure sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin will be used add new Linked Server.

What is Collation?
Collation refers to a set of rules that determine how data is sorted and compared. Character data is sorted using rules that define the correct character sequence, with options for specifying case-sensitivity, accent marks, kana character types and character width.

What are different type of Collation Sensitivity?
Case sensitivity
A and a, B and b, etc.

Accent sensitivity
a and á, o and ó, etc.

Kana Sensitivity
When Japanese kana characters Hiragana and Katakana are treated differently, it is called Kana sensitive.

Width sensitivity
When a single-byte character (half-width) and the same character when represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are treated differently then it is width sensitive.

What’s the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn’t allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.

How to implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships.
One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships.
Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table.

What is a NOLOCK?
Using the NOLOCK query optimiser hint is generally considered good practice in order to improve concurrency on a busy system. When the NOLOCK hint is included in a SELECT statement, no locks are taken when data is read. The result is a Dirty Read, which means that another process could be updating the data at the exact time you are reading it. There are no guarantees that your query will retrieve the most recent data. The advantage to performance is that your reading of data will not block updates from taking place, and updates will not block your reading of data. SELECT statements take Shared (Read) locks. This means that multiple SELECT statements are allowed simultaneous access, but other processes are blocked from modifying the data. The updates will queue until all the reads have completed, and reads requested after the update will wait for the updates to complete. The result to your system is delay(blocking).

What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?
Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.

TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than DELETE.
TRUNCATE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table’s data, and only the page deallocations are recorded in the transaction log.
TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table, but the table structure and its columns, constraints, indexes and so on remain. The counter used by an identity for new rows is reset to the seed for the column.
You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint.
Because TRUNCATE TABLE is not logged, it cannot activate a trigger.
TRUNCATE can not be Rolled back using logs.
TRUNCATE is DDL Command.
TRUNCATE Resets identity of the table.

DELETE
DELETE removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row.
If you want to retain the identity counter, use DELETE instead. If you want to remove table definition and its data, use the DROP TABLE statement.
DELETE Can be used with or without a WHERE clause
DELETE Activates Triggers.
DELETE Can be Rolled back using logs.
DELETE is DML Command.
DELETE does not reset identity of the table.

Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
UDF can be used in the SQL statements anywhere in the WHERE/HAVING/SELECT section where as Stored procedures cannot be.
UDFs that return tables can be treated as another rowset. This can be used in JOINs with other tables.
Inline UDF’s can be though of as views that take parameters and can be used in JOINs and other Rowset operations.

When is the use of UPDATE_STATISTICS command?
This command is basically used when a large processing of data has occurred. If a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables has occurred, it has to update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.

What types of Joins are possible with Sql Server?
Joins are used in queries to explain how different tables are related. Joins also let you select data from a table depending upon data from another table.
Types of joins: INNER JOINs, OUTER JOINs, CROSS JOINs. OUTER JOINs are further classified as LEFT OUTER JOINS, RIGHT OUTER JOINS and FULL OUTER JOINS.

What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
Specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate. HAVING can be used only with the SELECT statement. HAVING is typically used in a GROUP BY clause. When GROUP BY is not used, HAVING behaves like a WHERE clause. Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query. HAVING criteria is applied after the the grouping of rows has occurred.

What is sub-query? Explain properties of sub-query.
Sub-queries are often referred to as sub-selects, as they allow a SELECT statement to be executed arbitrarily within the body of another SQL statement. A sub-query is executed by enclosing it in a set of parentheses. Sub-queries are generally used to return a single row as an atomic value, though they may be used to compare values against multiple rows with the IN keyword.

A subquery is a SELECT statement that is nested within another T-SQL statement. A subquery SELECT statement if executed independently of the T-SQL statement, in which it is nested, will return a result set. Meaning a subquery SELECT statement can standalone and is not depended on the statement in which it is nested. A subquery SELECT statement can return any number of values, and can be found in, the column list of a SELECT statement, a FROM, GROUP BY, HAVING, and/or ORDER BY clauses of a T-SQL statement. A Subquery can also be used as a parameter to a function call. Basically a subquery can be used anywhere an expression can be used.

Properties of Sub-Query
A subquery must be enclosed in the parenthesis.
A subquery must be put in the right hand of the comparison operator, and
A subquery cannot contain a ORDER-BY clause.
A query can contain more than one sub-queries.

What are types of sub-queries?
Single-row subquery, where the subquery returns only one row.
Multiple-row subquery, where the subquery returns multiple rows,.and
Multiple column subquery, where the subquery returns multiple columns.

What is User Defined Functions?
User-Defined Functions allow to define its own T-SQL functions that can accept 0 or more parameters and return a single scalar data value or a table data type.

What kind of User-Defined Functions can be created?
There are three types of User-Defined functions in SQL Server 2000 and they are Scalar, Inline Table-Valued and Multi-statement Table-valued.

Scalar User-Defined Function
A Scalar user-defined function returns one of the scalar data types. Text, ntext, image and timestamp data types are not supported. These are the type of user-defined functions that most developers are used to in other programming languages. You pass in 0 to many parameters and you get a return value.

Inline Table-Value User-Defined Function
An Inline Table-Value user-defined function returns a table data type and is an exceptional alternative to a view as the user-defined function can pass parameters into a T-SQL select command and in essence provide us with a parameterized, non-updateable view of the underlying tables.

Multi-statement Table-Value User-Defined Function
A Multi-Statement Table-Value user-defined function returns a table and is also an exceptional alternative to a view as the function can support multiple T-SQL statements to build the final result where the view is limited to a single SELECT statement. Also, the ability to pass parameters into a T-SQL select command or a group of them gives us the capability to in essence create a parameterized, non-updateable view of the data in the underlying tables. Within the create function command you must define the table structure that is being returned. After creating this type of user-defined function, It can be used in the FROM clause of a T-SQL command unlike the behavior found when using a stored procedure which can also return record sets.

Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? How can it be changed?
SQL Server runs on port 1433. It can be changed from the Network Utility TCP/IP properties –> Port number.both on client and the server.

What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? How can it be changed?
Windows mode and mixed mode (SQL & Windows).

To change authentication mode in SQL Server click Start, Programs, Microsoft SQL Server and click SQL Enterprise Manager to run SQL Enterprise Manager from the Microsoft SQL Server program group. Select the server then from the Tools menu select SQL Server Configuration Properties, and choose the Security page.

Where are SQL server users names and passwords are stored in sql server?
They get stored in master db in the sysxlogins table.

Which command using Query Analyzer will give you the version of SQL server and operating system?
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productversion'), SERVERPROPERTY ('productlevel'), SERVERPROPERTY ('edition')

What is SQL server agent?
SQL Server agent plays an important role in the day-to-day tasks of a database administrator (DBA). It is often overlooked as one of the main tools for SQL Server management. Its purpose is to ease the implementation of tasks for the DBA, with its full-function scheduling engine, which allows you to schedule your own jobs and scripts.

Can a stored procedure call itself or recursive stored procedure? How many level SP nesting possible?
Yes. Because Transact-SQL supports recursion, you can write stored procedures that call themselves. Recursion can be defined as a method of problem solving wherein the solution is arrived at by repetitively applying it to subsets of the problem. A common application of recursive logic is to perform numeric computations that lend themselves to repetitive evaluation by the same processing steps. Stored procedures are nested when one stored procedure calls another or executes managed code by referencing a CLR routine, type, or aggregate. You can nest stored procedures and managed code references up to 32 levels.

What is @@ERROR?
The @@ERROR automatic variable returns the error code of the last Transact-SQL statement. If there was no error, @@ERROR returns zero. Because @@ERROR is reset after each Transact-SQL statement, it must be saved to a variable if it is needed to process it further after checking it.

What is Raiseerror?
Stored procedures report errors to client applications via the RAISERROR command. RAISERROR doesn’t change the flow of a procedure; it merely displays an error message, sets the @@ERROR automatic variable, and optionally writes the message to the SQL Server error log and the NT application event log.

What is log shipping?
Log shipping is the process of automating the backup of database and transaction log files on a production SQL server, and then restoring them onto a standby server. Enterprise Editions only supports log shipping. In log shipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically updated into the backup database on the other server. If one server fails, the other server will have the same db can be used this as the Disaster Recovery plan. The key feature of log shipping is that is will automatically backup transaction logs throughout the day and automatically restore them on the standby server at defined interval.

What is the difference between a local and a global variable?
A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or, if defined inside a compound statement, for the duration of the compound statement.

A global temporary table remains in the database permanently, but the rows exist only within a given connection. When connection are closed, the data in the global temporary table disappears. However, the table definition remains with the database for access when database is opened next time

What command do we use to rename a db?
sp_renamedb ‘oldname’ , ‘newname’
If someone is using db it will not accept sp_renmaedb. In that case first bring db to single user using sp_dboptions. Use sp_renamedb to rename database. Use sp_dboptions to bring database to multi user mode.

What is sp_configure commands and set commands?
Use sp_configure to display or change server-level settings. To change database-level settings, use ALTER DATABASE. To change settings that affect only the current user session, use the SET statement.

Using query analyzer, name 3 ways to get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?
SELECT * FROM table1
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1
SELECT rows FROM sysindexes WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(table1) AND indid < 2

What are primary keys and foreign keys?
Primary keys are the unique identifiers for each row. They must contain unique values and cannot be null. Due to their importance in relational databases, Primary keys are the most fundamental of all keys and constraints. A table can have only one Primary key.
Foreign keys are both a method of ensuring data integrity and a manifestation of the relationship between tables.

What is data integrity? Explain constraints?
Data integrity is an important feature in SQL Server. When used properly, it ensures that data is accurate, correct, and valid. It also acts as a trap for otherwise undetectable bugs within applications.
A PRIMARY KEY constraint is a unique identifier for a row within a database table. Every table should have a primary key constraint to uniquely identify each row and only one primary key constraint can be created for each table. The primary key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity.

A UNIQUE constraint enforces the uniqueness of the values in a set of columns, so no duplicate values are entered. The unique key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity as the primary key constraints.

A FOREIGN KEY constraint prevents any actions that would destroy links between tables with the corresponding data values. A foreign key in one table points to a primary key in another table. Foreign keys prevent actions that would leave rows with foreign key values when there are no primary keys with that value. The foreign key constraints are used to enforce referential integrity.

A CHECK constraint is used to limit the values that can be placed in a column. The check constraints are used to enforce domain integrity.

A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not accept null values. The not null constraints are used to enforce domain integrity, as the check constraints.

How to get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time?
If @@Rowcount is checked after Error checking statement then it will have 0 as the value of @@Recordcount as it would have been reset.
And if @@Recordcount is checked before the error-checking statement then @@Error would get reset. To get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time do both in same statement and store them in local variable. SELECT @RC = @@ROWCOUNT, @ER = @@ERROR

What is Identity?
Identity (or AutoNumber) is a column that automatically generates numeric values. A start and increment value can be set, but most DBA leave these at 1. A GUID column also generates numbers, the value of this cannot be controled. Identity/GUID columns do not need to be indexed.

What is BCP? When does it used?
BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables and views. BCP does not copy the structures same as source to destination.

How do you load large data to the SQL server database?
BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables. BULK INSERT command helps to Imports a data file into a database table or view in a user-specified format.

Can we rewrite subqueries into simple select statements or with joins?
Subqueries can often be re-written to use a standard outer join, resulting in faster performance. As we may know, an outer join uses the plus sign (+) operator to tell the database to return all non-matching rows with NULL values. Hence we combine the outer join with a NULL test in the WHERE clause to reproduce the result set without using a sub-query.

Can SQL Servers linked to other servers like Oracle?
SQL Server can be lined to any server provided it has OLE-DB provider from Microsoft to allow a link. E.g. Oracle has a OLE-DB provider for oracle that Microsoft provides to add it as linked server to SQL Server group.

How to know which index a table is using?
SELECT table_name,index_name FROM user_constraints

How to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL server to another?
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Data Transformation Services (DTS) is a set of graphical tools and programmable objects that lets user extract, transform, and consolidate data from disparate sources into single or multiple destinations.

What is Self Join?
This is a particular case when one table joins to itself, with one or two aliases to avoid confusion. A self join can be of any type, as long as the joined tables are the same. A self join is rather unique in that it involves a relationship with only one table. The common example is when company have a hierarchal reporting structure whereby one member of staff reports to another.

What is Cross Join?
A cross join that does not have a WHERE clause produces the Cartesian product of the tables involved in the join. The size of a Cartesian product result set is the number of rows in the first table multiplied by the number of rows in the second table. The common example is when company wants to combine each product with a pricing table to analyze each product at each price.

Which virtual table does a trigger use?
Inserted and Deleted.

List few advantages of Stored Procedure.
Stored procedure can reduced network traffic and latency, boosting application performance.
Stored procedure execution plans can be reused, staying cached in SQL Server’s memory, reducing server overhead.
Stored procedures help promote code reuse.
Stored procedures can encapsulate logic. You can change stored procedure code without affecting clients.
Stored procedures provide better security to your data.

JSP interview questions

2008-02-02T01:19:00.000-08:00

Can you make use of a ServletOutputStream object from within a JSP page?

Can a JSP page instantiate a serialized bean?

Is it possible to share an HttpSession between a JSP and EJB? What happens when I change a value in the HttpSession from inside an EJB?

What is the page directive is used to prevent a JSP page from automatically creating a session?

How do you prevent the Creation of a Session in a JSP Page and why?

How do I include static files within a JSP page?

How can I implement a thread-safe JSP page?

How do I mix JSP and SSI #include?

Can a JSP page process HTML FORM data?

What JSP lifecycle methods can I override?

How do I perform browser redirection from a JSP page?

Is there a way to reference the “this” variable within a JSP page?

Can I stop JSP execution while in the midst of processing a request?

How do I use comments within a JSP page?

How do I prevent the output of my JSP or Servlet pages from being cached by the browser?

How does JSP handle run-time exceptions?

How do I use a scriptlet to initialize a newly instantiated bean?

How can I enable session tracking for JSP pages if the browser has disabled cookies?

How can I declare methods within my JSP page?

How can I set a cookie and delete a cookie from within a JSP page?

Is there a way I can set the inactivity lease period on a per-session basis?

How does a servlet communicate with a JSP page?

How do I have the JSP-generated servlet subclass my own custom servlet class, instead of the default?

How do you pass control from one JSP page to another?

How do you restrict page errors display in the JSP page?

How do you call stored procedures from JSP?

How do you connect to the database from JSP?

What is Declaration?

What is difference between scriptlet and expression?

What is jsp:use bean. What are the scope attributes & difference between these attributes?

What are the implicit objects in JSP & differences between them?

What are Custom tags. Why do you need Custom tags. How do you create Custom tag?

What is the difference between include directive & jsp:include action?

What are advantages of JSP?

What is JSP?

Can a single JSP page be considered as a J2EE application?

How to call EJB from JSP.

What is the architecture of JSP?

What is the difference between servlet session and jsp session?

Why should we setContentType() in servlet ?what is the use of that method?

When jsp is compiled into servlet, where the servlet is actually stored(storage location)?

How to generate BAR & PIE Graphs using JSP code…?

What is the diff. b/n declaring members in and declaraing in jspinit() method ?

How to check the value in the text field is not a number

What is the difference between , pagedirective include, action tag include ?

What are the default objects provided by JSP container? Other than page, request, session and context objects.

What is the default scope of jsp tags?

When many Users are browsing the same application at the same time and they click the “Submit” button will many objects be created for each and every User?

What is the difference between Difference between doGet() and doPost()?

How do we perform redirect action without using response.sendRedirect(” “);

A] Is the response.sendRedirect ends the existing session? B] If I logged in to a site ( say a.com) & then in same browser window I type the url for another site (say b.com), then does my session gets ended on first site ( a. com ) ?

How to overwrite the init and destroy method in a jsp page.

Where do we use hidden variables and url rewriting? and wat is the difference between them?

What is the difference between session and cookie ?

How to pass java script array to jsp page?

What is the difference betweeen JSP forward and servlet forward methods?

Where can we find the compiled file of jsp in the directory struture.

How we abort jsp page from a servlet

What is difference between getAttribute() and getParameter()?

What is the diff. b/w PAGE,APPLICATION and SESSION implicit objects of JSP?

Wat is the difference between and in jsp..wen translate into servlet..wer it is stored in servlet..can we create global variables in jsp..if yes then how??

How can i restrict the user from Clicking of Back button in any browser

In one class i stored the key and values in the hashmap.so using key value i have to check wheter the value for key is correct or not.so how to retreive the key and values in jsp page

What is the differnce between application server and web server

What is use of implict Objects?why the container is given those one?

How to delete cookies in JSP?

In Oracle table some fields are “null”.By default it will show as “null” in JSP page text box.But i dont want that. I want as blank textbox.What i can do for that?

In Internet explorer if we give a jsp , How the server will know it has to execute?

How the jsp changes will be effected in servlet file after converting?

When to use struts technology? What type of applications are developed using struts frame work?

What is the need of taglibraries?

Explain online banking system using java.that means i need architecture of online banking system.please sir i want full details

Text in textarea cant be copy by anyone while it is running in the browser (i.e,the text cant be copy and then paste on the other page) give me suggestion?

How can i clear values in sessions. if i open a jsp page it is containing previous values. then i need to open a new page then only i am getting a fresh page

What data is stored in the variable appname when we give the folowing statement String appname=(”manager”.equalsIgnoreCAse(request.getContextPath()))?”/manager”:”/portal”;

Web browser concept using jsp

Why we can’t implement interface in JSP? Why we can only extend classes in JSP?

How can we implement logoutpage using jsp ..? and Is there any method to force the browser to show the same page again and again after logout..?

How to Upload a textfile from JSP to Servlet

My html form contains an INPUT “text” element that accepts Date, i want to catch that date and want to query it using JSP? In short, how can i use that HTML form element with Prepared Statements in JSP?

Types of indexing used in oracle applications ? and when and how we decide to implement indexing to database ?

What is the need of implicit objects?

When we design some login form how we manage security for those forms?which technology used for that purpose?

How Do you implement interface in JSP?

How can initialize interface in JSP?

How do u maintain a Session?

What is the differences between JSP LifeCycle and Servlet LifeCycle?

Can I call an interface in a JSP?

What is the Difference between sendRedirect() and Forward?

I want to place two buttons one for save and one for delete.i am using DispatchAction as controller,how can i find which button i am pressing and how to diffrentiate?

What is the difference betweeen a statis and dynamic include?

How can my JSP communicate with java class file

I want to accomplish the following scenario: 1) user submits a jpg/gif file from an html form (using in the form, the user can browse to a file of their choice) 2) upload the jpg/gif file through a combination of Java and JSP’s 3) put the jpg/gif into a database on a server and/or into a folder on my local system.

How to pop up a jsp page?refreshing every two seconds.

What is difference between scriptlet and expression

Can you make use of a ServletOutputStream object from within a JSP page?

Can a JSP page instantiate a serialized bean?

Is it possible to share an HttpSession between a JSP and EJB? What happens when I change a value in the HttpSession from inside an EJB?

What is the page directive is used to prevent a JSP page from automatically creating a session?

How do you prevent the Creation of a Session in a JSP Page and why?

How do I include static files within a JSP page?

How can I implement a thread-safe JSP page?

How do I mix JSP and SSI #include?

Can a JSP page process HTML FORM data?

What JSP lifecycle methods can I override?

How do I perform browser redirection from a JSP page?

Is there a way to reference the “this” variable within a JSP page?

Can I stop JSP execution while in the midst of processing a request?

How do I use comments within a JSP page?

How do I prevent the output of my JSP or Servlet pages from being cached by the browser?

How does JSP handle run-time exceptions?

How do I use a scriptlet to initialize a newly instantiated bean?

How can I enable session tracking for JSP pages if the browser has disabled cookies?

How can I declare methods within my JSP page?

How can I set a cookie and delete a cookie from within a JSP page?

Is there a way I can set the inactivity lease period on a per-session basis?

How does a servlet communicate with a JSP page?

How do I have the JSP-generated servlet subclass my own custom servlet class, instead of the default?

How do you pass control from one JSP page to another?

How do you restrict page errors display in the JSP page?

How do you call stored procedures from JSP?

How do you connect to the database from JSP?

PHP Interview Questions

2008-01-17T02:59:00.000-08:00

1. What is the closing tag used by a PHP-driven web page?

A. />
B. #>
C. ?>
D. .>

2. Which PHP conditional operator means the values are equal AND of the same data type?

A. ==
B. ||
C. ===
D. ==?

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding variables in PHP (choose two)?

A. Variable names in PHP are case sensitive.
B. Variable names in PHP are not case sensitive.
C. PHP variables need to be declared before they can be used.
D. PHP variables do not need to be declared before they can be used.

4. You are evaluating a script written by a previous employee. That script contains a require statement that causes the script to exit when an error occurs. You want to change this so the script will generate a warning when such an error occurs, but keep on running. What should you replace require with?

A. involve
B. need
C. include
D. call_for

5. Which of the following does not represent a comment in a PHP script?

A. // This is a comment
B. ?>?>?>?>?>?>?>?>
C. # This is a comment
D. /* This is a comment */

6. Which escape character in PHP renders a linefeed?

A. \n
B. \r
C. \t
D. \\

7. What file is used to configure global PHP settings? ______________ (Fill in the blank.)

8. If the value of $AU is currently 7, what is its value as a result of the command $AU++;

A. 8
B. 9
C. 14
D. 49

9. Which printf type specifier is used for a floating point value?

A. d
B. f
C. s
D. u

10. Which PHP logical operator is used to see if both a and b are true?

A. a & b
B. a && b
C. a | b
D. a || b

11. If an array holds 100 entries, which identifier signifies the first entry?

A. 100
B. 99
C. 1
D. 0

12. What function must be called to send the random number generator before array_rand()?

A. limit()
B. scope()
C. srand()
D. hinum()

13. Which two choices below represent the default order resulting from a sort utilizing asort()?

A. A-Z
B. Z-A
C. 0-9
D. 9-0

14. Which of the following is not true for variable names?

A. They can contain an underscore character
B. They can begin with a numeric character
C. They can begin with an alpha character
D. They can contain alphanumeric characters

15. What is the opening tag used on a PHP-driven web page?

A. ?>?>?>?>?>?>?>?>
D. <>

Answers

1. The closing tag used by PHP is ?>. Answer: C.

2. The PHP conditional operator of three equal signs (===) means the values are equal and of the same data type. Answer: C.

3. PHP variable names are case sensitive and variables do not need to be declared before they can be used. Answer: A and D.

4. The include instruction will create a warning, but allow the script to continue running when an error is encountered. Answer: C.

5. There are at least three ways to create comments in a PHP script, and
6. The \n escape character in PHP renders a linefeed. Answer: A.

7. The global configuration file is php.ini.

8. The command $AU++; increments the variable by one – changing it from 7 to 8. Answer: A.

9. The printf type specifier f is used for a floating point value. Answer: B.

10. The PHP logical operator to use to see if both a and b are true would be a && b. Answer: B.

11. The first entry is 0, the second is 1, and the numbers increment from there. Answer: D.

12. The srand() function must be called to send the random number generator before array_rand(). Answer: C.

13. The default order resulting from a sort utilizing asort() is alphabetic (A-Z) and lowest to highest (0-9). Answer: A and C.

14. Variable names cannot begin with a numeric character. Answer: B.

15. The opening tag used by PHP is ?>?>?>?>?>?>?>?>
16. Curly braces are used to separate blocks of statements within a control structure. Answer: C.

17. The settype function can be used to assign a data type to a variable. Answer: C.

18. The REMOTE_ADDR HTTP variable contains the IP address of the machine making a request. Answer: D.

19. The POST method should be used for a form as described. Answer: A.

20. If the result is not a whole number, it is assigned the double data type If it is a whole number, integer is assigned. Answer: B.

21. The r+ mode of the fopen() function opens a file for reading or writing, maintains exiting content, and places the file pointer at the beginning of the file. Answer: C.

22. The copy() function can be used to copy a file. Answer: A.

23. To set a cookie to expire 24 hours from now, compute the number of seconds and use the time() function: $cookie_expire = time() +86400. Answer: C.

24. The semicolon character (;) is used as a statement terminator to indicate the end of a PHP command. Answer: D.

25. The command $days = array(); will initialize the $days array. Answer: B.

26. The file_exists() function can be used to see if a file by the given name is already in existence. Answer: D.

27. The value of $_COOKIE[user] is equal to what was set in the cookie. Answer: C.

28. The array_merge() function should be used to combine two or more existing arrays. Answer: B.

29. The function to use is session_start()

30. After opening a file with the fopen() function, fclose() is used to close the file pointer. Answer: A.

31. The gettype function can be used to show the data type for a variable. Answer: B.

32. The rmdir() function removes a directory from a file system. Answer: A.

33. sleep() accepts seconds and usleep() accepts milliseconds. Answer: B.

34. The sizeof() function can tell how many elements are in an array Answer: D.

35. Information about a session, by default, is configured in the PHP configuration file to be saved beneath /tmp. Answer: C.

36. $_ENV contains variables provided to a script by means of the server environment. Answer: D.

37. The unlink() function can be used to delete a file. Answer: C.

38. The unset function can be used to destroy a variable. Answer: D.

39. The "a" mode of the fopen() function opens a file for writing and places the file pointer at the end of the file. Answer: B.

40. The HTTP_USER_AGENT HTTP variable contains the browser type, and browser version, among other values. Answer: D.

41. This operation subtracts 150 from the existing value. Answer: C.

42. Parentheses are used to enclose conditional expressions. Answer: B.

43. The Boolean PHP data type can be either TRUE or FALSE. Answer: C.

44. $_FILES contains variables provided to a script by means of file uploads. Answer: A.

45. The RAND_MAX constant identifies the highest random number that a system can generate. Answer: D.

46. PHP provides support for POSIX through functions of the ereg class. Answer: B.

47. From a Boolean standpoint, every zero value in PHP is considered false. Answer: B.

48. The arsort() function places results in the opposite order of asort(). Answer: A.

49. The printf type specifier s is used for a string. Answer: C.

50. The != PHP conditional operator means not equal to. Answer: A.

Tough ASP.NET interview questions

2008-01-17T02:36:00.000-08:00

Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?

What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a “standard” EXE?

What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design?

What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?

What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?

What’s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString

What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?

What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?

Write a standard lock() plus double check to create a critical section around a variable access.

What is FullTrust? Do GAC’ed assemblies have FullTrust?

What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding specific Security permissions?

What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i “about”

What does this do? sn -t foo.dll

What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?

Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each

How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it require?

Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?

What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be used?

What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed difference? Why or why not?

Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working set?

Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?

What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?

In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?

How would one do a deep copy in .NET?

Explain current thinking around IClonable.

What is boxing?

Is string a value type or a reference type?

.Net And ASP.Net Questions

2006-11-18T21:52:00.000-08:00

Explain the .NET architecture.

How many languages .NET is supporting now? - When .NET was introduced it came with several languages. VB.NET, C#, COBOL and Perl, etc. The site DotNetLanguages.Net says 44 languages are supported.

How is .NET able to support multiple languages? - a language should comply with the Common Language Runtime standard to become a .NET language. In .NET, code is compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL for short). This is called as Managed Code. This Managed code is run in .NET environment. So after compilation to this IL the language is not a barrier. A code can call or use a function written in another language.

How ASP .NET different from ASP? - Scripting is separated from the HTML, Code is compiled as a DLL, these DLLs can be executed on the server.

Resource Files: How to use the resource files, how to know which language to use?

What is smart navigation? - The cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

What is view state? - The web is stateless. But in ASP.NET, the state of a page is maintained in the in the page itself automatically. How? The values are encrypted and saved in hidden controls. this is done automatically by the ASP.NET. This can be switched off / on for a single control

Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.

How do you validate the controls in an ASP .NET page? - Using special validation controls that are meant for this. We have Range Validator, Email Validator.

Can the validation be done in the server side? Or this can be done only in the Client side? - Client side is done by default. Server side validation is also possible. We can switch off the client side and server side can be done.

How to manage pagination in a page? - Using pagination option in DataGrid control. We have to set the number of records for a page, then it takes care of pagination by itself.

What is ADO .NET and what is difference between ADO and ADO.NET? - ADO.NET is stateless mechanism. I can treat the ADO.Net as a separate in-memory database where in I can use relationships between the tables and select insert and updates to the database. I can update the actual database as a batch.

JavaScript Interview Questions

2006-11-18T21:33:00.000-08:00

What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript? - ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.
What are JavaScript types? - Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.
How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript? - Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);
What does isNaN function do? - Return true if the argument is not a number.
What is negative infinity? - It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.
What boolean operators does JavaScript support? - &&, and !
What does "1"+2+4 evaluate to? - Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124.
How about 2+5+"8"? - Since 2 and 5 are integers, this is number arithmetic, since 8 is a string, it’s concatenation, so 78 is the result.
What looping structures are there in JavaScript? - for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.
How do you create a new object in JavaScript? - var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {};
How do you assign object properties? - obj["age"] = 17 or obj.age = 17.
What’s a way to append a value to an array? - arr[arr.length] = value;
What is this keyword? - It refers to the current object.

.Net Questions

2006-11-18T02:16:00.000-08:00

Differences between DLL and EXE?
Can an assembly have EXE?
Can a DLL be changed to an EXE?
Compare & contrast rich client (smart clients or Windows-based) & browser-based Web application
Compare Client server application with n-Tier application
Can a try block have more than one catch block?
Can a try block have nested try blocks?
How do you load an assembly at runtime?
If I am writing in a language like VB or C++, what are the procedures to be followed to support .NET?
How do you view the methods and members of a DLL?
What is shadowing?
What are the collections you’ve used?
What is the base class of .NET?
Explain assemblies.
Name some of the languages .NET support?
ADO.NET features? Benefits? Drawbacks?
How many types of exception handlers are there in .NET?
Difference between Panel and GroupBox classes?
What is the base class of Button control?
What is Response object? How is it related to ASP’s Response object?
What is IIS? Have you used it?
Main differences between ASP and ASP.NET.

ASP, ADO Interview Questions

2006-11-13T21:41:00.000-08:00

How many objects are there in ASP?
Which DLL file is needed to be registered for ASP?
If you want to initialize a global variable for an application, which is the right place to declare it? (like form or some other file).
What is diffrence between Server.transfer and Response.redirect.
Is there any inbuilt paging(for example shoping cart. which will show next 10 records without refreshing) in ASP? How will you do pating.
What does Server.MapPath do?
Name at least three methods of response object other than Redirect.
Name at least two methods of response object other than Transfer.
Tell few programming diffrence between ADO and DAO programming. What is state?
How many types of cookies are there?
Tell few steps for optimizing (for speed and resources) ASP page/application
Why do you use Option Explicit?
What are the commonly used data types in VBScript?
What is a session object?
What are the three objects of ADO?
What are the lock-types available in ADO? Explain.
What are the cursor types available in ADO? Explain.
What is a COM component?
How do you register a COM component?
What is a virtual root and how do you create one?
What is a database index, how do you create one, discuss its pros and cons?
How do you use multiple record sets (rs.NextRecordSet)?
As soon as you fetch a record set, what operations would you perform?
Define a transaction. What are ACID properties of a transaction?
How would you remotely administer IIS?
What is RAID? What is it used for?
What is normalization? Explain normalization types.
What is the disadvantage of creating an index in every column of a database table?
What are the uses of source control software?
You have a query that runs slowly, how would you make it better? How would you make it better in .NET environment?
What is a bit datatype? What is it used for?
How would you go about securing IIS and MS-SQL Server?
What is the difference between Request(”field”) and Request.Form(”field”)?

VB Interview Questions

2006-11-06T21:38:00.000-08:00

How do you center a form?
Can I send keystrokes to a DOS application?
Convert an RGB value to a long, or a long to RGB.
Implement smooth scrolling for either text, graphics or controls across a form.
Implement some quick and easy encryption (can be something primitive).
4 different types of sorts: advantages and disadvantages.
Compute CRC32 checksum, write a quick piece of code that accepts the packet of data and returns the CRC.
How do you use the Mouse OFF event?
How do I call Windows Help files from a VB program?
How do I create a textbox that lets you insert tabs?
How do I make text box that displays asterisks when the user types in data such as password?
How do I create multi-column combo box?
How do I make a menu popup from a CommandButton?
How to create menus at run time in VB?
Write a generic error handling routine.
How to copy text to the Windows clipboard and from it.
How can I call a Command button without clicking it?
Write a simple app with Encrypt and Decrypt buttons and Textbox where the user can enter text for encryption and decryption.
3 main differences between flexgrid control and dbgrid control
ActiveX and Types of ActiveX Components in VB
Advantage of ActiveX Dll over ActiveX Exe .
Advantages of disconnected recordsets . Benefit of wrapping database calls into MTS transactions 6. Benefits of using 23 MTS
Can database schema be changed with DAO, RDO or ADO?
Can you create a tabletype of recordset in Jet-connected ODBC database engine?
Constructors and destructors
Controls which do not have events
Default property of datacontrol
Define the scope of Public, Private, Friend procedures?
Describe Database Connection pooling relative to MTS
Describe: In of Process vs. Out of Process component. Which is faster?
Difference between a function and a subroutine, Dynaset and Snapshot, early and late binding, image and picture controls, linked object and embedded Object,listbox and combo box,Listindex and Tab index,modal and moduless window, Object and Class, query unload and unload in form, declaration and instantiation of an object?
Draw and explain Sequence Model of DAO
How can objects on different threads communicate with one another?
How can you force new objects to be created on new threads?
How does a DCOM component know where to instantiate itself?
How do I register a component?
How do I set a shortcut key for label?
What kind of components can be used as DCOM servers?
Name of the control used to call a Windows application
Name the four different cursor and locking types in ADO and describe them briefly
Need of zorder method, no of controls in form, Property used to add a menus at runtime, Property used to count number of items in a combobox,resize a label control according to your caption.
Return value of callback function, The need of tabindex property
Thread pool and management of threads within a thread pool
To set the command button for ESC, Which property needs to be changed?
Type Library and what is it’s purpose?
Types of system controls, container objects, combo box
Under the ADO Command Object, what collection is responsible for input to stored procedures?
What are the ADO objects? Explain them.
What are the different compatibility types when we create a COM component?
What do ByVal and ByRef mean and which is the default?
What does Option Explicit refer to? 36. What does the Implements statement do?
What is OLE and DDE? Explain.
What is the difference between Msgbox Statement and MsgboxQ function?
What keyword is associated with raising system level events in VB?
What methods are called from the ObjectContext object to inform MTS that the transaction was successful or unsuccessful?
What types of data access have you used.
What was introduced to Visual Basic to allow the use of Callback Functions?
Which controls can not be placed in MDI?
Which controls have refresh method, clear method
Which Property is used to compress a image in image control?
Which property of menu cannot be set at run time?
Which property of textbox cannot be changed at runtime?
What is the maximum size of a textbox?
Which tool is used to configure the port range and protocols for DCOM communications?

SQL Server Queries

2006-11-05T05:23:00.000-08:00

Consider the following relational schemas:

employee (person_name, street, city)
company (company_name, city)
works (person_name, company_name, salary)
manages (person_name, manager_name)
Write the following queries in SQL:
Find the names, cities of employees who work in at least one company.
Display the names of all employees who work in at least one company and the city of the company in an ascending order of employee names.
Find the names, cities of employees who work for exactly one company.
Find the names of all employees who earn more than EVERY employee of Small Bank Corporation. Find the names of all employees who earn more than SOME employee of Small Bank Corporation.

Q1) Find the names, cities of employees who work in at least one company.

select e.person_name, e.city from employee e where exists (select * from works w

where w.person_name = e.person_name)

Alternative solution:

select distinct e.person_name, e.city from employee e, works w where

w.person_name = e.person_name

Q2) Display the names of all employees who work in at least one company and the city of the company in an ascending order of employee names.

select distinct w.person_name, c.city from works w, company c

where c.company_name = w.company_name order by w.person_name asc

Q3) Find the names, cities of employees who work for exactly one company.

select e.person_name. e.city from employee e where 1 = (select count(*)

from works w where w.person_name = e.person_name)

Q4) Find the names of all employees who earn more than EVERY employee of Small Bank Corporation.

select w1.person_name from works w1 where w1.salary > all (select w2.salary

from works w2 where w2.company_name = “Small Bank Corporation”)

Alternative solution:

select w1.person_name from works w1 where w1.salary > select max

(w2.salary) from works w2 where w2.company_name = “Small Bank Corporation”)

Q5) Find the names of all employees who earn more than SOME employee of Small Bank Corporation.

select w1.person_name from works w1 where w1.salary > some (select w2.salary

(w2.salary) from works w2 where w2.company_name = “Small Bank Corporation”)

Alternative solution:

select w1.person_name from works w1where exists (select * from works w2

where w2.company_name = “Small Bank Corporation” and w1.salary > w2.salary)

Consider the following relational schemas:

employee (person_name, street, city)
company (company_name, city)
works (person_name, company_name, salary)
manages (person_name, manager_name)
Write the following queries in SQL:
Find the names of the employees who are not a manager.
Find all cities where employees live or where companies are located.
Find the name of the company located in Hong Kong that has the largest number of employees.
Find the names of those companies whose employees earn a higher salary, on average, than the average salary at First Bank Corporation.
Find the name
Q6) Find the names of the employees who are not a
manager.

(select person_name from employee) except (select manager_name
from manages)

Alternative solutions :

select person_name from employee where not exists (select *
from manages where employee.person_name = manages.manager_name)
select person_name from employee where person_name not in (select
manager_name from manages)
Q7) Find all cities where employees live or where
companies are located.

(select distinct city from employee) union (select distinct city
from company)
Q8) Find the name of the company located in Hong Kong that has the largest number of employees.

select temp.company_name from (select w.company_name, count(distinct
w.person_name) as CNT from works w, company c where w.company_name =
c.company_name and c.city = “Hong Kong” group by w.company_name) as
temp where temp.CNT = (select max(CNT) from temp)

Q9) Find the names of those companies whose employees
earn a higher salary, on average, than the average salary at First Bank Corporation.

select company_name from works group by company_name having avg(salary)
> (select avg(salary) from works where company_name = “First Bank Corporation”)
Q10) Find the name of the company that has the
smallest payroll.

select company_name from works group by company_name having sum
(salary) <= all (select sum(salary) from works group by company_name)

Alternative solution:

select temp.company_name from (select company_name, sum(salary) as
payroll from works group by company_name) as temp where temp.payroll =
(select min (payroll) from temp)

Retrieve the tuple with the largest value in an attribute
Using the aggregate function max

Consider the following relational schema:
account(account_id, balance)

q Write an SQL query to retrieve the ids of those accounts that have the second largest balance.

Example:
1.(a1, 100), (a2, 400), (a3, 500), (a4, 300), (a5, 200), (a6, 400), (a7,100), (a8, 100),
(a9, 500), (a10, 200)

Answer 1:
select a1.account_id from account a1 where a1.balance <> (select max(balance)
from account) and not exists (select * from account a2 where a1.balance <>
a2.balance <> (select max(balance) from account))

Answer 2:
select account_id from account where balance <> (select max(balance) from
account) and balance not in (select distinct a1.balance from account a1, account
a2, account a3 where a1.balance <> a3.balance)

Answer 3:

select account_id from account where balance = (select max(balance) from
account where balance <> (select max(balance) from account))

Answer 4:
select a1.account_id from account a1, account a2 where a1.balance <>
a1.account_id having count(distinct a2.balance) = 1

Oracle Interview Questions

2006-11-02T21:12:00.000-08:00

OracleExplain the difference between a hot backup and a cold backup and the benefits associated with each You have just had to restore from backup and do not have any control files. How would you go about bringing up this database?
How do you switch from an init.ora file to a spfile?
Explain the difference between a data block, an extent and a segment.
Give two examples of how you might determine the structure of the table DEPT. Where would you look for errors from the database engine?
Compare and contrast TRUNCATE and DELETE for a table.
Give the reasoning behind using an index.
Give the two types of tables involved in producing a star schema and the type of data they hold. . What type of index should you use on a fact table? .
Give two examples of referential integrity constraints. A table is classified as a parent table and you want to drop and re-create it. How would you do this without affecting the children tables?
Explain the difference between ARCHIVELOG mode and NOARCHIVELOG mode and the benefits and disadvantages to each.
What command would you use to create a backup control file?
Give the stages of instance startup to a usable state where normal users may access it. What column differentiates the V$ views to the GV$ views and how?
How would you go about generating an EXPLAIN plan?
How would you go about increasing the buffer cache hit ratio?
Explain an ORA-01555
Explain the difference between $ORACLE_HOME and $ORACLE_BASE.
How would you determine the time zone under which a database was operating?
Explain the use of setting GLOBAL_NAMES equal to TRUE.
What command would you use to encrypt a PL/SQL application?
Explain the difference between a FUNCTION, PROCEDURE and PACKAGE.
Explain the use of table functions.
Name three advisory statistics you can collect.
Where in the Oracle directory tree structure are audit traces placed?
Explain materialized views and how they are used.
When a user process fails, what background process cleans up after it?
What background process refreshes materialized views?
How would you determine what sessions are connected and what resources they are waiting for?
Describe what redo logs are.
How would you force a log switch?
Give two methods you could use to determine what DDL changes have been made.
What does coalescing a tablespace do?
What is the difference between a TEMPORARY tablespace and a PERMANENT tablespace?
Name a tablespace automatically created when you create a database.
When creating a user, what permissions must you grant to allow them to connect to the database? How do you add a data file to a tablespace?
How do you resize a data file?
What view would you use to look at the size of a data file?
What view would you use to determine free space in a tablespace?
How would you determine who has added a row to a table?
How can you rebuild an index?
Explain what partitioning is and what its benefit is.
You have just compiled a PL/SQL package but got errors, how would you view the errors?
How can you gather statistics on a table?
How can you enable a trace for a session?
What is the difference between the SQL*Loader and IMPORT utilities?
Name two files used for network connection to a database

C++ Interview Questions

2006-10-25T21:01:00.000-07:00

How do you decide which integer type to use?
What should the 64-bit integer type on new, 64-bit machines be?
What’s the best way to declare and define global variables?
What does extern mean in a function declaration?
What’s the auto keyword good for?
I can’t seem to define a linked list node which contains a pointer to itself.
How do I declare an array of N pointers to functions returning pointers to functions returning pointers to characters?
How can I declare a function that returns a pointer to a function of its own type?
My compiler is complaining about an invalid redeclaration of a function, but I only define it once and call it once. What’s happening?
What can I safely assume about the initial values of variables which are not explicitly initialized?
Why can’t I initialize a local array with a string?
What is the difference between char a[] = “string”; and char *p = “string”; ?
How do I initialize a pointer to a function?
What is the difference between an ARRAY and a LIST?
What is faster : access the element in an ARRAY or in a LIST?
Define a constructor - what it is and how it might be called (2 methods).
Describe PRIVATE, PROTECTED and PUBLIC – the differences and give examples.
What is a COPY CONSTRUCTOR and when is it called (this is a frequent question !)?
Explain term POLIMORPHISM and give an example using eg. SHAPE object: If I have a base class SHAPE, how would I define DRAW methods for two objects CIRCLE and SQUARE.
What is the word you will use when defining a function in base class to allow this function to be a polimorphic function?
What are 2 ways of exporting a function from a DLL?
You have two pairs: new() and delete() and another pair : alloc() and free(). Explain differences between eg. new() and malloc()
What is a callback function. Explain in C and C++ and WIN API environment.
(From WINDOWS API area): what is LPARAM and WPARAM?

Some Interview Questions

2006-09-16T00:22:00.000-07:00

1) Please tell me a little about yourself ?

Be brief and keep it related to your work life.Give an overview not a life story.Don't talk about your wonderful dog! Again, keep it about your career

2) Why are you the best candidate for this job?

Remember the skills and strengths you posses that are related to this position.

3) Can you tell me about your work experience?

Remember your relevant work experience, be positive. Bring up school/work experiences that are related to this position. Especially, talk results!
You want them to think that you will bring the same benefits to their company

4) Can you describe your strengths and weaknesses?

Again, your strengths make you the best candidate. Be proud and positive. With your weaknesses
(if you have any) -- be brief and don't be hard on yourself. Make sure it is something with minimal impact on your new career choice. Once you have described a weakness, explain how you will overcome it.

5) What would your supervisors and co-workers say about you?

Think about anything positive that brought the last company results. Do not criticize your last employer! Big NO NO!

6) Where do you see yourself in five years?

Make sure it is related to your career choice. If it is not, make sure you explain how being offered this position falls into place with your goal. Make sure you are not the only one that would benefit. You must highlight the benefit for the company.

7) What do you know about our company?

This is where your research will come in handy. Show that you understand the company. Demonstrate that you understand your duty under this new position and how it fits into the company's mission.

8) Why should I hire you?

Don't get defensive, don't panic, this is a legitimate question because they are investing money into your labor. Tell them how hiring you will yield results for them. Remember what kind of candidate they are looking for. Why are they looking for this candidate? What do they want? Then tell them they will get exactly what they are looking for when they hire you!

Interview Tips

2006-09-16T00:09:00.000-07:00

Prepare Yourself and Calm Down

Your big interview is coming up! I know, very scary situation. After all, if you don't make a good impression -- you won't land
that job! There is no quick way to get rid of the anxiety of going to a job interview. The truth is, if the idea of going to an interview makes you nervous, when you get there -- you will also be nervous. However, if you prepare yourself and arm yourself with great interview skills and tools -- you will be able to calm yourself some, instead of going into a frenzy.
Read the areas that you need help with or read the entire page; when you reach the end of this page, you will have a chance to practice.

Be Confident

Applying for a job you are qualified for will give you all the confidence you need to calm down and decrease your level of nervousness. If you are applying for your dream job, then find out what skills are required, and go out there and train. When you are prepared, set up an interview, because confidence in your ability to perform a job will carry you through the interview process.
If you are already qualified, remember that as you walk into the interview. In that case, you are there because they need a great employee who is qualified and you are that great employee who is qualified! If you are still nervous, hide it. They cannot tell you are nervous unless you show them you are.

What is The Purpose of an Interview?

Contrary to popular belief, an interview is not to find out what is wrong with you. A hiring manager is a person performing the job of finding the best-qualified candidate she/he can. With this in mind, go to your interview realizing that not only do you need a job; but, they also need you. This is a meeting of two people in search of fulfilling each other's need. Feed their need and you will be fine.
Before your interview, find out what it is they need. Study the company and go to their Web site. If you know anyone in the company, ask them to sum up the company's mission. Find out what the ideal candidate is and talk up those qualities during your interview.

Be Prepared

Plan to arrive 1/2 hour earlier, and try to announce yourself at least 10 minutes before your time.
Make sure you bring a hard copy of your resume. Also, bring a list of references and always hand them in with your resume, even when not requested.
Perform your research on the company. You must know something about the company and the position before you walk into an interview. Would you hire someone to clean your house who does not sound like they will be careful with your possessions, but they are dedicated and seek a position that will challenge them?

Be Genuine

Although you will practice interview questions, they are strictly for warm up! You do not want to sound like a programmed robot. The purpose for practicing is to reassure yourself that you have all the answers, and to practice thinking and responding quickly (just in case you are the type of person that says the first thing that comes to mind). Once you have practiced, you will find that you will instinctively know the answers. Let them flow naturally.

A New Job is Cause for Celebration!

A new job is something to look forward to. This is a wonderful step you are taking and you want to make sure your needs are also met. Therefore, ask questions.
It is best if you have these questions prepared before you get to the interview because you might actually forget them. If a few more come up during the interview then ask those first. It is okay to pull your questions out on a sheet of paper. This will only show the interviewer that you are prepared and you think ahead. If the interviewer does not present the opportunity, wait until the end of the interview and ask for permission to review some questions. Be brief; remember the interviewer might have more appointments lined up. Do not bring up salary, unless the interviewer brings it up. You can wait to discuss salary when they call you back in for the job or a second interview.

Aptitude Questions

2006-09-12T01:52:00.000-07:00

1.One of the following is my secret word:AIM DUE MOD OAT TIE.With the list in front of you, if I were to tell you any one of my secret word, then you would be able to tell me the number of vowels in my secret word.Which is my secret word?
Ans.TIE

2.One of Mr. Horton,his wife,their son,and Mr. Horton's mother is a doctor and another is a lawyer.
a)If the doctor is younger than the lawyer, then the doctor and the lawyer are not blood relatives.
b)If the doctor is a woman, then the doctor and the lawyer are blood relatives.
c)If the lawyer is a man, then the doctor is a man.
Whose occupation you know?

Ans.Mr. Horton:he is the doctor.

3.In the following figure:
A D
B G E
C F
Each of the seven digits from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 is:
a)Represented by a different letter in the figure above.
b)Positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C,B*G*E, and D*E*F are equal.
Which digit does G represent?

Ans.G represents the digit 2.
4.Mr. and Mrs. Aye and Mr. and Mrs. Bee competed in a chess tournament.Of the three games played:
a)In only the first game werethe two players married to each other.
b)The men won two games and the women won one game.
c)The Ayes won more games than the Bees.
d)Anyone who lost game did not play the subsequent game.
Who did not lose a game?

Ans.Mrs.Bee did not lose a game.
5.Three piles of chips--pile I consists one chip, pile II consists of chips, and pile III consists of three chips--are to be used in game played by Anita and Brinda.The game requires:
a)That each player in turn take only one chip or all chips from just one pile.
b)That the player who has to take the last chip loses.
c)That Anita now have her turn.
From which pile should Anita draw in order to win?

Ans.Pile II
6.Of Abdul, Binoy, and Chandini:
a)Each member belongs to the Tee family whose members always tell the truth or to the El family whose members always lie.
b)Abdul says ''Either I belong or Binoy belongs to a different family from the other two."
Whose family do you name of?

Ans.Binoy's family--El.
9.In a class composed of x girls and y boys what part of the class is composed of girls
A.y/(x + y)
B.x/xy
C.x/(x + y)
D.y/xy

Ans.C
10.What is the maximum number of half-pint bottles of cream that can be filled with a 4-gallon can of cream(2 pt.=1 qt. and 4 qt.=1 gal)

A.16
B.24
C.30
D.64

Ans.D
11.If the operation,^ is defined by the equation x ^ y = 2x + y,what is the value of a in 2 ^ a = a ^ 3

A.0
B.1
C.-1
D.4

Ans.B
12.A coffee shop blends 2 kinds of coffee,putting in 2 parts of a 33p. a gm. grade to 1 part of a 24p. a gm.If the mixture is changed to 1 part of the 33p. a gm. to 2 parts of the less expensive grade,how much will the shop save in blending 100 gms.

A.Rs.90
B.Rs.1.00
C.Rs.3.00
D.Rs.8.00

Ans.C
13.There are 200 questions on a 3 hr examination.Among these questions are 50 mathematics problems.It is suggested that twice as much time be spent on each maths problem as for each other question.How many minutes should be spent on mathematics problems

A.36
B.72
C.60
D.100

Ans.B
14.In a group of 15,7 have studied Latin, 8 have studied Greek, and 3 have not studied either.How many of these studied both Latin and Greek

A.0
B.3
C.4
D.5

Ans.B
15.If 13 = 13w/(1-w) ,then (2w)2 =

A.1/4
B.1/2
C.1
D.2

Ans.C
16. If a and b are positive integers and (a-b)/3.5 = 4/7, then
(A) b <> a
(C) b = a
(D) b >= a
Ans. A
17. In june a baseball team that played 60 games had won 30% of its game played. After a phenomenal winning streak this team raised its average to 50% .How many games must the team have won in a row to attain this average?
A. 12
B. 20
C. 24
D. 30
Ans. C
18. M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If three men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift/
A. D/(M-3)
B. MD/3
C. M/(D-3)
D. 3D/(M2-3M)
Ans. D
19. A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 11
D. 12

Ans.C
20. 2 hours after a freight train leaves Delhi a passenger train leaves the same station travelling in the same direction at an average speed of 16 km/hr. After travelling 4 hrs the passenger train overtakes the freight train. The average speed of the freight train was?
A. 30
B. 40
C.58
D. 60
Ans. B
21. If 9x-3y=12 and 3x-5y=7 then 6x-2y = ?
A.-5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 8
Ans. D
22. There are 5 red shoes, 4 green shoes. If one draw randomly a shoe what is the probability of getting a red shoe

Ans 5c1/ 9c1
23. What is the selling price of a car? If the cost of the car is Rs.60 and a profit of 10% over selling price is earned

Ans: Rs 66/-
24. 1/3 of girls , 1/2 of boys go to canteen .What factor and total number of classmates go to canteen.

Ans: Cannot be determined.
25. The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%

Ans: 42.857%
26. There is a square of side 6cm . A circle is inscribed inside the square. Find the ratio of the area of circle to square.
Ans. 11/14
27. There are two candles of equal lengths and of different thickness. The thicker one lasts of six hours. The thinner 2 hours less than the thicker one. Ramesh lights the two candles at the same time. When he went to bed he saw the thicker one is twice the length of the thinner one. How long ago did Ramesh light the two candles .

Ans: 3 hours.
28. If M/N = 6/5,then 3M+2N = ?
29. If p/q = 5/4 , then 2p+q= ?
30. If PQRST is a parallelogram what it the ratio of triangle PQS & parallelogram PQRST .
Ans: 1:2
31. The cost of an item is Rs 12.60. If the profit is 10% over selling price what is the selling price ?
Ans: Rs 13.86/-
32. There are 6 red shoes & 4 green shoes . If two of red shoes are drawn what is the probability of getting red shoes
Ans: 6c2/10c2
33. To 15 lts of water containing 20% alcohol, we add 5 lts of pure water. What is % alcohol.
Ans : 15%
34. A worker is paid Rs.20/- for a full days work. He works 1,1/3,2/3,1/8.3/4 days in a week. What is the total amount paid for that worker ?
Ans : 57.50
35. If the value of x lies between 0 & 1 which of the following is the largest?
(a) x
(b) x2
(c) -x
(d) 1/x

Ans : (d)
36. If the total distance of a journey is 120 km .If one goes by 60 kmph and comes back at 40kmph what is the average speed during the journey?
Ans: 48kmph
37. A school has 30% students from Maharashtra .Out of these 20% are Bombey students. Find the total percentage of Bombay?
Ans: 6%
38. An equilateral triangle of sides 3 inch each is given. How many equilateral triangles of side 1 inch can be formed from it?
Ans: 9
39. If A/B = 3/5,then 15A = ?
Ans : 9B
40. Each side of a rectangle is increased by 100% .By what percentage does the area increase?
Ans : 300%
41. Perimeter of the back wheel = 9 feet, front wheel = 7 feet on a certain distance, the front wheel gets 10 revolutions more than the back wheel .What is the distance?
Ans : 315 feet.
42. Perimeter of front wheel =30, back wheel = 20. If front wheel revolves 240 times. How many revolutions will the back wheel take?
Ans: 360 times
43. 20% of a 6 litre solution and 60% of 4 litre solution are mixed. What percentage of the mixture of solution
Ans: 36%
44City A's population is 68000, decreasing at a rate of 80 people per year. City B having population 42000 is increasing at a rate of 120 people per year. In how many years both the cities will have same population?
Ans: 130 years
45Two cars are 15 kms apart. One is turning at a speed of 50kmph and the other at 40kmph . How much time will it take for the two cars to meet?
Ans: 3/2 hours
46A person wants to buy 3 paise and 5 paise stamps costing exactly one rupee. If he buys which of the following number of stamps he won't able to buy 3 paise stamps.
Ans: 9
47There are 12 boys and 15 girls, How many different dancing groups can be formed with 2 boys and 3 girls.
48Which of the following fractions is less than 1/3
(a) 22/62
(b) 15/46
(c) 2/3
(d) 1
Ans: (b)
49There are two circles, one circle is inscribed and another circle is circumscribed over a square. What is the ratio of area of inner to outer circle?
Ans: 1 : 2
50Three types of tea the a,b,c costs Rs. 95/kg,100/kg and70/kg respectively.
How many kgs of each should be blended to produce 100 kg of mixture worth Rs.90/kg,
given that the quntities of band c are equal
a)70,15,15
b)50,25,25
c)60,20,20
d)40,30,30
Ans. (b)
51. in a class, except 18 all are above 50 years.
15 are below 50 years of age. How many people are there
(a) 30
(b) 33
(c) 36
(d) none of these.
Ans. (d)
52. If a boat is moving in upstream with velocity of 14 km/hr and goes downstream with a velocity of 40 km/hr, then what is the speed of the stream ?

(a) 13 km/hr
(b) 26 km/hr
(c) 34 km/hr
(d) none of these
Ans. A
53. Find the value of ( 0.75 * 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.001 ) / ( 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.075 + 0.01)
(a) 0.845
(b) 1.908
(c) 2.312
(d) 0.001
Ans. A
54. A can have a piece of work done in 8 days, B can work three times faster than the A, C can work five times faster than A. How many days will they take to do the work together ?

(a) 3 days
(b) 8/9 days
(c) 4 days
(d) can't say
Ans. B
55. A car travels a certain distance taking 7 hrs in forward journey, during the return journey increased speed 12km/hr takes the times 5 hrs.What is the distance travelled

(a) 210 kms
(b) 30 kms
(c) 20 kms
(c) none of these
Ans. B
56. Instead of multiplying a number by 7, the number is divided by 7. What is the percentage of error obtained ?
57. Find (7x + 4y ) / (x-2y) if x/2y = 3/2 ?
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 7
(d) data insufficient
Ans. C
58. A man buys 12 lts of liquid which contains 20% of the liquid and the rest is water. He then mixes it with 10 lts of another mixture with 30% of liquid.What is the % of water in the new mixture?
59. If a man buys 1 lt of milk for Rs.12 and mixes it with 20% water and sells it for Rs.15, then what is the percentage of gain?
60. Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 mins and Pipe B can fill it in 28 mins.If 3/4th of the tank is filled by Pipe B alone and both are opened, how much time is required by both the pipes to fill the tank completely ?
61. If on an item a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount then what is the profit percentage.
(a) 40%
(b) 55%
(c) 35%
(d) 30%
Ans. D
62. A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 10 days. If however there were 10 men less it will take 10 days more for the work to be finished. How many men were there originally?
(a) 110 men
(b) 130 men
(c) 100 men
(d) none of these
Ans. A
63. In simple interest what sum amounts of Rs.1120/- in 4 years and Rs.1200/- in 5 years ?
(a) Rs. 500
(b) Rs. 600
(c) Rs. 800
(d) Rs. 900
Ans. C
64. If a sum of money compound annually amounts of thrice itself in 3 years. In how many years will it become 9 times itself.
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) 12
Ans A
65. Two trains move in the same direction at 50 kmph and 32 kmph respectively. A man in the slower train
observes the 15 seconds elapse before the faster train completely passes by him.
What is the length of faster train ?
(a) 100m
(b) 75m
(c) 120m
(d) 50m
Ans B
66. How many mashes are there in 1 squrare meter of wire gauge if each mesh
is 8mm long and 5mm wide ?
(a) 2500
(b) 25000
(c) 250
(d) 250000
Ans B
67. x% of y is y% of ?
(a) x/y
(b) 2y
(c) x
(d) can't be determined
Ans. C
68. The price of sugar increases by 20%, by what % should a housewife reduce the consumption of sugar so that expenditure on sugar can be same as before ?
(a) 15%
(b) 16.66%
(c) 12%
(d) 9%
Ans B
69. A man spends half of his salary on household expenses, 1/4th for rent, 1/5th for travel expenses, the man deposits the rest in a bank. If his monthly deposits in the bank amount 50, what is his monthly salary ?
(a) Rs.500
(b) Rs.1500
(c) Rs.1000
(d) Rs. 900
Ans C
70. The population of a city increases @ 4% p.a. There is an additional annual increase of 4% of the population due to the influx of job seekers, find the % increase in population after 2 years ?
71. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3:2 Out of these 10% the boys and
25% of girls are scholarship holders. % of students who are not scholarship holders.?
72. 15 men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?
(a) 30
(b) 20
(c) 19
(d) 29
Ans. A
73. A cylinder is 6 cms in diameter and 6 cms in height. If spheres of the same size are made from the material obtained, what is the diameter of each sphere?
(a) 5 cms
(b) 2 cms
(c) 3 cms
(d) 4 cms
Ans C
74. A rectangular plank (2)1/2 meters wide can be placed so that it is on either side of the diagonal of a square shown below.(Figure is not available)What is the area of the plank?
Ans :7*(2)1/2
75. The difference b/w the compound interest payble half yearly and the simple interest on a
certain sum lent out at 10% p.a for 1 year is Rs 25. What is the sum?
(a) Rs. 15000
(b) Rs. 12000
(c) Rs. 10000
(d) none of these
Ans C
76. What is the smallest number by which 2880 must be divided in order to make it into a
perfect square ?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Ans. C
77. A father is 30 years older than his son however he will be only thrice as old as the son after 5 years
what is father's present age ?
(a) 40 yrs
(b) 30 yrs
(c) 50 yrs
(d) none of these
Ans. A
78. An article sold at a profit of 20% if both the cost price and selling price would be Rs.20/- the profit would be 10% more. What is the cost price of that article?
29. If an item costs Rs.3 in '99 and Rs.203 in '00.What is the % increase in price?
(a) 200/3 %
(b) 200/6 %
(c) 100%
(d) none of these
Ans. A
80. 5 men or 8 women do equal amount of work in a day. a job requires 3 men and 5 women to finish the job in 10 days how many woman are required to finish the job in 14 days.
a) 10
b) 7
c) 6
d) 12
Ans 7
81. A simple interest amount of rs 5000 for six month is rs 200. what is the anual rate of interest?
a) 10%
b) 6%
c) 8%
d) 9%
Ans 8%
82. In objective test a correct ans score 4 marks and on a wrong ans 2 marks are ---. a student score 480 marks from 150 question. how many ans were correct?
a) 120
b) 130
c) 110
d) 150
Ans130.
83. An artical sold at amount of 50% the net sale price is rs 425 .what is the list price of the artical?
a) 500
b) 488
c) 480
d) 510
Ans 500
84. A man leaves office daily at 7pm A driver with car comes from his home to pick him from office and bring back home
One day he gets free at 5:30 and instead of waiting for driver he starts walking towards home.
In the way he meets the car and returns home on car He reaches home 20 minutes earlier than usual.
In how much time does the man reach home usually??
Ans. 1hr 20min
85. A works thrice as much as B. If A takes 60 days less than B to do a work then find the number of days it would take to complete the work if both work together?
Ans. 22½days
86. How many 1's are there in the binary form of 8*1024 + 3*64 + 3
Ans. 4
87. In a digital circuit which was to implement (A B) + (A)XOR(B), the designer implements (A B) (A)XOR(B)
What is the probability of error in it ?
88. A boy has Rs 2. He wins or loses Re 1 at a time If he wins he gets Re 1 and if he loses the game he loses Re 1.
He can loose only 5 times. He is out of the game if he earns Rs 5.
Find the number of ways in which this is possible?
Ans. 16
89. If there are 1024*1280 pixels on a screen and each pixel can have around 16 million colors
Find the memory required for this?
Ans. 4MB
90. On a particular day A and B decide that they would either speak the truth or will lie.
C asks A whether he is speaking truth or lying?
He answers and B listens to what he said. C then asks B what A has said B says "A says that he is a liar"
What is B speaking ?
(a) Truth
(b) Lie
(c) Truth when A lies
(d) Cannot be determined
Ans. (b)
91. What is the angle between the two hands of a clock when time is 8:30
Ans. 75(approx)
92. A student is ranked 13th from right and 8th from left. How many students are there in totality ?
93. A man walks east and turns right and then from there to his left and then 45degrees to
his right.In which direction did he go
Ans. North west
94. A student gets 70% in one subject, 80% in the other. To get an overall of 75% how much should get in third subject.
95. A man shows his friend a woman sitting in a park and says that she the daughter of my grandmother's only son.
What is the relation between the two

Ans. Daughter
96. How many squares with sides 1/2 inch long are needed to cover a rectangle that is 4 ft long and 6 ft wide
(a) 24
(b) 96
(c) 3456
(d) 13824
(e) 14266
97. If a=2/3b , b=2/3c, and c=2/3d what part of d is b/
(a) 8/27
(b) 4/9
(c) 2/3
(d) 75%
(e) 4/3
Ans. (b)
2598Successive discounts of 20% and 15% are equal to a single discount of
(a) 30%
(b) 32%
(c) 34%
(d) 35%
(e) 36
Ans. (b)
99. The petrol tank of an automobile can hold g liters.If a liters was removed when the tank was full, what part of the full tank was removed?
(a)g-a
(b)g/a
(c) a/g
(d) (g-a)/a
(e) (g-a)/g
Ans. (c)
100. If x/y=4 and y is not '0' what % of x is 2x-y
(a)150%
(b)175%
(c)200%
(d)250%

Ans. (b)

Aptitude Questions(2)
1.If 2x-y=4 then 6x-3y=?
(a)15
(b)12
(c)18
(d)10

Ans. (b)
2.If x=y=2z and xyz=256 then what is the value of x?

(a)12
(b)8
(c)16
(d)6

Ans. (b)
3. (1/10)18 - (1/10)20 = ?
(a) 99/1020
(b) 99/10
(c) 0.9
(d) none of these
Ans. (a)
4.Pipe A can fill in 20 minutes and Pipe B in 30 mins and Pipe C can empty the same in 40 mins.If all of them work together, find the time taken to fill the tank
(a) 17 1/7 mins
(b) 20 mins
(c) 8 mins
(d) none of these
Ans. (a)
5. Thirty men take 20 days to complete a job working 9 hours a day.How many hour a day should 40 men work to complete the job?
(a) 8 hrs
(b) 7 1/2 hrs
(c) 7 hrs
(d) 9 hrs
Ans. (b)
6. Find the smallest number in a GP whose sum is 38 and product 1728
(a) 12
(b) 20
(c) 8
(d) none of these
Ans. (c)
7. A boat travels 20 kms upstream in 6 hrs and 18 kms downstream in 4 hrs.Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the water current?
(a) 1/2 kmph
(b) 7/12 kmph
(c) 5 kmph
(d) none of these
Ans. (b)
8. A goat is tied to one corner of a square plot of side 12m by a rope 7m long.Find the area it can graze?
(a) 38.5 sq.m
(b) 155 sq.m
(c) 144 sq.m
(d) 19.25 sq.m
Ans. (a)
9. Mr. Shah decided to walk down the escalator of a tube station. He found that if he walks down 26 steps, he requires 30 seconds to reach the bottom. However, if he steps down 34 stairs he would only require 18 seconds to get to the bottom. If the time is measured from the moment the top step begins to descend to the time he steps off the last step at the bottom, find out the height of the stair way in steps?
Ans.46 steps.
10. The average age of 10 members of a committee is the same as it was 4 years ago, because an old member has been replaced by a young member. Find how much younger is the new member ?
Ans.40 years.
11. Three containers A, B and C have volumes a, b, and c respectively; and container A is full of water while the other two are empty. If from container A water is poured into container B which becomes 1/3 full, and into container C which becomes 1/2 full, how much water is left in container A?
12. ABCE is an isosceles trapezoid and ACDE is a rectangle. AB = 10 and EC = 20. What is the length of AE?
Ans. AE = 10.
13. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to the circle at A and B respectively and the chord BC is parallel to tangent PA. If AC = 6 cm, and length of the tangent AP is 9 cm, then what is the length of the chord BC?
Ans. BC = 4 cm.
15 Three cards are drawn at random from an ordinary pack of cards. Find the probability that they will consist of a king, a queen and an ace.
Ans. 64/2210.
16. A number of cats got together and decided to kill between them 999919 mice. Every cat killed an equal number of mice. Each cat killed more mice than there were cats. How many cats do you think there were ?
Ans. 991.
17. If Log2 x - 5 Log x + 6 = 0, then what would the value / values of x be?
Ans. x = e2 or e3.
18. The square of a two digit number is divided by half the number. After 36 is added to the quotient, this sum is then divided by 2. The digits of the resulting number are the same as those in the original number, but they are in reverse order. The ten's place of the original number is equal to twice the difference between its digits. What is the number?
Ans. 46
19.Can you tender a one rupee note in such a manner that there shall be total 50 coins but none of them would be 2 paise coins.?
Ans. 45 one paisa coins, 2 five paise coins, 2 ten paise coins, and 1 twenty-five paise coins.
20.A monkey starts climbing up a tree 20ft. tall. Each hour, it hops 3ft. and slips back 2ft. How much time would it take the monkey to reach the top?
Ans.18 hours.
21. What is the missing number in this series? 8 2 14 6 11 ? 14 6 18 12
Ans. 9
22. A certain type of mixture is prepared by mixing brand A at Rs.9 a kg. with brand B at Rs.4 a kg. If the mixture is worth Rs.7 a kg., how many kgs. of brand A are needed to make 40kgs. of the mixture?
Ans. Brand A needed is 24kgs.
23. A wizard named Nepo says "I am only three times my son's age. My father is 40 years more than twice my age. Together the three of us are a mere 1240 years old." How old is Nepo?
Ans. 360 years old.
24. One dog tells the other that there are two dogs in front of me. The other one also shouts that he too had two behind him. How many are they?
Ans. Three.
25. A man ate 100 bananas in five days, each day eating 6 more than the previous day. How many bananas did he eat on the first day?
Ans. Eight.
26. If it takes five minutes to boil one egg, how long will it take to boil four eggs?
Ans. Five minutes.
27. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at intervals of 64 minutes of correct time. How much a day does the clock gain or lose?
Ans. 32 8/11 minutes.
28. Solve for x and y: 1/x - 1/y = 1/3, 1/x2 + 1/y2 = 5/9.
Ans. x = 3/2 or -3 and y = 3 or -3/2.
29. Daal is now being sold at Rs. 20 a kg. During last month its rate was Rs. 16 per kg. By how much percent should a family reduce its consumption so as to keep the expenditure fixed?
Ans. 20 %.
30. Find the least value of 3x + 4y if x2y3 = 6.
Ans. 10.
31. Can you find out what day of the week was January 12, 1979?
Ans. Friday.
32. A garrison of 3300 men has provisions for 32 days, when given at a rate of 850 grams per head. At the end of 7 days a reinforcement arrives and it was found that now the provisions will last 8 days less, when given at the rate of 825 grams per head. How, many more men can it feed?
Ans. 1700 men.
33. From 5 different green balls, four different blue balls and three different red balls, how many combinations of balls can be chosen taking at least one green and one blue ball?
Ans. 3720.
34. Three pipes, A, B, & C are attached to a tank. A & B can fill it in 20 & 30 minutes respectively while C can empty it in 15 minutes. If A, B & C are kept open successively for 1 minute each, how soon will the tank be filled?
Ans. 167 minutes.
35. A person walking 5/6 of his usual rate is 40 minutes late. What is his usual time? Ans. 3 hours 20 minutes.

36.For a motorist there are three ways going from City A to City C. By way of bridge the distance is 20 miles and toll is $0.75. A tunnel between the two cities is a distance of 10 miles and toll is $1.00 for the vehicle and driver and $0.10 for each passenger. A two-lane highway without toll goes east for 30 miles to city B and then 20 miles in a northwest direction to City C.

1. Which is the shortest route from B to C
(a) Directly on toll free highway to City C
(b) The bridge
(c) The Tunnel
(d) The bridge or the tunnel
(e) The bridge only if traffic is heavy on the toll free highway

Ans. (a)
2. The most economical way of going from City A to City B, in terms of toll and distance is to use the
(a) tunnel
(b) bridge
(c) bridge or tunnel
(d) toll free highway
(e) bridge and highway

Ans. (a)
3. Jim usually drives alone from City C to City A every working day. His firm deducts a percentage of employee pay for lateness. Which factor would most influence his choice of the bridge or the tunnel ?
(a) Whether his wife goes with him
(b) scenic beauty on the route
(c) Traffic conditions on the road, bridge and tunnel
(d) saving $0.25 in tolls
(e) price of gasoline consumed in covering additional 10 miles on the bridge

Ans. (a)
4. In choosing between the use of the bridge and the tunnel the chief factor(s) would be:
I. Traffic and road conditions
II. Number of passengers in the car
III. Location of one's homes in the center or outskirts of one of the cities
IV. Desire to save $0.25
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) II and III only
(d) III and IV only
(e) I and II only

Ans. (a)
37.The letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G, not necessarily in that order, stand for seven consecutive integers from 1 to 10
D is 3 less than A
B is the middle term
F is as much less than B as C is greater than D
G is greater than F

1. The fifth integer is
(a) A
(b) C
(c) D
(d) E
(e) F

Ans. (a)
2. A is as much greater than F as which integer is less than G
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Ans. (a)
3. If A = 7, the sum of E and G is
(a) 8
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 14
(e) 16

Ans. (a)
4. A - F = ?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) Cannot be determined

Ans. (a)
5. An integer T is as much greater than C as C is greater than E. T can be written as A + E. What is D?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
(e) Cannot be determined

Ans. (a)
6. The greatest possible value of C is how much greater than the smallest possible value of D?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
(e) 6

Ans. (a)
38.
1. All G's are H's
2. All G's are J's or K's
3. All J's and K's are G's
4. All L's are K's
5. All N's are M's
6. No M's are G's

1. If no P's are K's, which of the following must be true?

(a) All P's are J's
(b) No P is a G
(c) No P is an H
(d) If any P is an H it is a G
(e) If any P is a G it is a J

Ans. (a)
2. Which of the following can be logically deduced from the conditions stated?

(a) No M's are H's
(b) No M's that are not N's are H's
(c) No H's are M's
(d) Some M's are H's
(e) All M's are H's

Ans. (a)
3. Which of the following is inconsistent with one or more of the conditions?

(a) All H's are G's
(b) All H's that are not G's are M's
(c) Some H's are both M's and G's
(d) No M's are H's
(e) All M's are H's

Ans. (a)
4. The statement "No L's are J's" is
I. Logically deducible from the conditions stated
II. Consistent with but not deducible from the conditions stated
III. Deducible from the stated conditions together with the additional statement "No J's are K's"

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) II and III only
(e) Neither I, II nor III

Ans. (a)
39.In country X, democratic, conservative and justice parties have fought three civil wars in twenty years. TO restore stability an agreement is reached to rotate the top offices President, Prime Minister and Army Chief among the parties so that each party controls one and only one office at all times. The three top office holders must each have two deputies, one from each of the other parties. Each deputy must choose a staff composed of equally members of his or her chiefs party and member of the third party.

1. When Justice party holds one of the top offices, which of the following cannot be true

(a) Some of the staff members within that office are justice party members
(b) Some of the staff members within that office are democratic party members
(c) Two of the deputies within the other offices are justice party members
(d) Two of the deputies within the other offices are conservative party members
(e) Some of the staff members within the other offices are justice party members.

Ans. (a)
2. When the democratic party holds presidency, the staff of the prime minister's deputies are composed
I. One-fourth of democratic party members
II. One-half of justice party members and one-fourth of conservative party members
III. One-half of conservative party members and one-fourth of justice party members.

(a) I only
(b) I and II only
(c) II or III but not both
(d) I and II or I and III
(e) None of these

Ans. (a)
3. Which of the following is allowable under the rules as stated:

(a) More than half of the staff within a given office belonging to a single party
(b) Half of the staff within a given office belonging to a single party
(c) Any person having a member of the same party as his or her immediate superior
(d) Half the total number of staff members in all three offices belonging to a single party
(e) Half the staff members in a given office belonging to parties different from the party of the top office holder in that office.

Ans. (a)
4. The office of the Army Chief passes from Conservative to Justice party. Which of the following must be fired.

(a) The democratic deputy and all staff members belonging to Justice party
(b) Justice party deputy and all his or hers staff members
(c) Justice party deputy and half of his Conservative staff members in the chief of staff office
(d) The Conservative deputy and all of his or her staff members belonging to Conservative party
(e) No deputies and all staff members belonging to conservative parties.

Ans. (a)
40.In recommendations to the board of trustees a tuition increase of $500 per year, the president of the university said "There were no student demonstrations over the previous increases of $300 last year and $200 the year before". If the president's statement is accurate then which of the following can be validly inferred from the information given:
I. Most students in previous years felt that the increases were justified because of increased operating costs.
II. Student apathy was responsible for the failure of students to protest the previous tuition increases.
III. Students are not likely to demonstrate over new tuition increases.

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I or II but not both
(d) I, II and III
(e) None

Ans. (a)
41. The office staff of XYZ corporation presently consists of three bookeepers--A, B, C and 5 secretaries D, E, F, G, H. The management is planning to open a new office in another city using 2 bookeepers and 3 secretaries of the present staff . To do so they plan to seperate certain individuals who don't function well together. The following guidelines were established to set up the new office
I. Bookeepers A and C are constantly finding fault with one another and should not be sent together to the new office as a team
II. C and E function well alone but not as a team , they should be seperated
III. D and G have not been on speaking terms and shouldn't go together
IV Since D and F have been competing for promotion they shouldn't be a team
1.If A is to be moved as one of the bookeepers,which of the following cannot be a possible working unit.

A.ABDEH
B.ABDGH
C.ABEFH
D.ABEGH

Ans.B
2.If C and F are moved to the new office,how many combinations are possible
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4

Ans.A
3.If C is sent to the new office,which member of the staff cannot go with C

A.B
B.D
C.F
D.G

Ans.B
4.Under the guidelines developed,which of the following must go to the new office

A.B
B.D
C.E
D.G

Ans.A
5.If D goes to the new office,which of the following is/are true

I.C cannot go
II.A cannot go
III.H must also go

A.I only
B.II only
C.I and II only
D.I and III only

Ans.D
42.After months of talent searching for an administrative assistant to the president of the college the field of applicants has been narrowed down to 5--A, B, C, D, E .It was announced that the finalist would be chosen after a series of all-day group personal interviews were held.The examining committee agreed upon the following procedure

I.The interviews will be held once a week
II.3 candidates will appear at any all-day interview session
III.Each candidate will appear at least once
IV.If it becomes necessary to call applicants for additonal interviews, no more 1 such applicant should be asked to appear the next week
V.Because of a detail in the written applications,it was agreed that whenever candidate B appears, A should also be present.
VI.Because of travel difficulties it was agreed that C will appear for only 1 interview.
1.At the first interview the following candidates appear A,B,D.Which of the follwing combinations can be called for the interview to be held next week.

A.BCD
B.CDE
C.ABE
D.ABC

Ans.B
2.Which of the following is a possible sequence of combinations for interviews in 2 successive weeks

A.ABC;BDE
B.ABD;ABE
C.ADE;ABC
D.BDE;ACD

Ans.C
3.If A ,B and D appear for the interview and D is called for additional interview the following week,which 2 candidates may be asked to appear with D?

I. A
II B
III.C
IV.E
A.I and II
B.I and III only
C.II and III only
D.III and IV only

Ans.D
4.Which of the following correctly state(s) the procedure followed by the search committee

I.After the second interview all applicants have appeared at least once
II.The committee sees each applicant a second time
III.If a third session,it is possible for all applicants to appear at least twice

A.I only
B.II only
C.III only
D.Both I and II

Ans.A
43. A certain city is served by subway lines A,B and C and numbers 1 2 and 3
When it snows , morning service on B is delayed
When it rains or snows , service on A, 2 and 3 are delayed both in the morning and afternoon
When temp. falls below 30 degrees farenheit afternoon service is cancelled in either the A line or the 3 line,
but not both.
When the temperature rises over 90 degrees farenheit, the afternoon service is cancelled in either the line C or the
3 line but not both.
When the service on the A line is delayed or cancelled, service on the C line which connects the A line, is delayed.
When service on the 3 line is cancelled, service on the B line which connects the 3 line is delayed.
Q1. On Jan 10th, with the temperature at 15 degree farenheit, it snows all day. On how many lines will service be
affected, including both morning and afternoon.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Ans. D
Q2. On Aug 15th with the temperature at 97 degrees farenheit it begins to rain at 1 PM. What is the minimum number
of lines on which service will be affected?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Ans. C
Q3. On which of the following occasions would service be on the greatest number of lines disrupted.
(A) A snowy afternoon with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit
(B) A snowy morning with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit
(C) A rainy afternoon with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit
(D) A rainy afternoon with the temperature at 95 degree farenheit
Ans. B
44. In a certain society, there are two marriage groups, red and brown. No marriage is permitted within a group. On marriage, males become part of their wives groups; women remain in their own group. Children belong to the same group as their parents. Widowers and divorced males revert to the group of their birth. Marriage to more than one person at the same time and marriage to a direct descendant are forbidden
Q1. A brown female could have had
I. A grandfather born Red
II. A grandmother born Red
III Two grandfathers born Brown
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I, II and III
(D) I and II only
Ans. D
Q2. A male born into the brown group may have
(A) An uncle in either group
(B) A brown daughter
(C) A brown son
(D) A son-in-law born into red group
Ans. A
Q3. Which of the following is not permitted under the rules as stated.
(A) A brown male marrying his father's sister
(B) A red female marrying her mother's brother
(C) A widower marrying his wife's sister
(D) A widow marrying her divorced daughter's ex-husband
Ans. B
Q4. If widowers and divorced males retained their group they had upon marrying which of the following would be permissible ( Assume that no previous marriage occurred)
(A) A woman marrying her dead sister's husband
(B) A woman marrying her divorced daughter's ex-husband
(C) A widower marrying his brother's daughter
(D) A woman marrying her mother's brother who is a widower.
Ans. D
Q5. I. All G's are H's
II. All G's are J's or K's
III All J's and K's are G's
IV All L's are K's
V All N's are M's
VI No M's are G's
45. There are six steps that lead from the first to the second floor. No two people can be on the same step
Mr. A is two steps below Mr. C
Mr. B is a step next to Mr. D
Only one step is vacant ( No one standing on that step )
Denote the first step by step 1 and second step by step 2 etc.
1. If Mr. A is on the first step, Which of the following is true?
(a) Mr. B is on the second step
(b) Mr. C is on the fourth step.
(c) A person Mr. E, could be on the third step
(d) Mr. D is on higher step than Mr. C.
Ans: (d)
2. If Mr. E was on the third step & Mr. B was on a higher step than Mr. E which step must be vacant
(a) step 1
(b) step 2
(c) step 4
(d) step 5
(e) step 6
Ans: (a)
3. If Mr. B was on step 1, which step could A be on?
(a) 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;e only
(b) 3&5 only
(c) 3&4 only
(d) 4&5 only
(e) 2&4 only
Ans: (c)
4. If there were two steps between the step that A was standing and the step that B was standing on, and A was on a higher step than D , A must be on step
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
(e) 6
Ans: (c)
5. Which of the following is false
i. B&D can be both on odd-numbered steps in one configuration
ii. In a particular configuration A and C must either both an odd numbered steps or both an even-numbered steps
iii. A person E can be on a step next to the vacant step.
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) iii only
(d) both i and iii
Ans: (c)
46. Six swimmers A, B, C, D, E, F compete in a race. The outcome is as follows.
i. B does not win.
ii. Only two swimmers separate E & D
iii. A is behind D & E
iv. B is ahead of E , with one swimmer intervening
v. F is a head of D
1. Who stood fifth in the race ?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Ans: (e)
2. How many swimmers seperate A and F ?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) cannot be determined
Ans: (d)
3. The swimmer between C & E is
(a) none
(b) F
(c) D
(d) B
(e) A
Ans: (a)
4. If the end of the race, swimmer D is disqualified by the Judges then swimmer B finishes in which place
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
Ans: (b)
47. Five houses lettered A,B,C,D, & E are built in a row next to each other. The houses are lined up in the order A,B,C,D, & E. Each of the five houses has a colored chimney. The roof and chimney of each housemust be painted as follows.
i. The roof must be painted either green,red ,or yellow.
ii. The chimney must be painted either white, black, or red.
iii. No house may have the same color chimney as the color of roof.
iv. No house may use any of the same colors that the every next house uses.
v. House E has a green roof.
vi. House B has a red roof and a black chimney
1. Which of the following is true ?
(a) At least two houses have black chimney.
(b) At least two houses have red roofs.
(c) At least two houses have white chimneys
(d) At least two houses have green roofs
(e) At least two houses have yellow roofs
Ans: (c)
2. Which must be false ?
(a) House A has a yellow roof
(b) House A & C have different color chimney
(c) House D has a black chimney
(d) House E has a white chimney
(e) House B&D have the same color roof.
Ans: (b)
3. If house C has a yellow roof. Which must be true.
(a) House E has a white chimney
(b) House E has a black chimney
(c) House E has a red chimney
(d) House D has a red chimney
(e) House C has a black chimney
Ans: (a)
4. Which possible combinations of roof & chimney can house
I. A red roof 7 a black chimney
II. A yellow roof &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; a red chimney
III. A yellow roof & a black chimney

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) I & II only
(e) I&II&III
Ans: (e)
48. Find x+2y
(i). x+y=10
(ii). 2x+4y=20
Ans: (b)
49. Is angle BAC is a right angle
(i) AB=2BC
(2) BC=1.5AC
Ans: (e)
50. Is x greater than y
(i) x=2k
(ii) k=2y
Ans: (e)